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Foreground — White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan — Opaque Semi-Opaque Background — White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan — Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Window — White Black Red Green Blue Yellow Magenta Cyan — Opaque Semi-Transparent Transparent Font Size 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% 200% 300% 400% Text Edge Style None Raised Depressed Uniform Dropshadow Font Family Default Monospace Serif Proportional Serif Monospace Sans-Serif Proportional Sans-Serif Casual Script Small Caps Defaults Done Extreme weather such as floods, droughts and heat waves are likely to become more frequent in coming years because of global warming, according to a new study.
Human-caused global warming will be associated with more extreme jet stream patterns, which will lead to more extreme weather, says a study published in Science Advances and released this week.
QRA is short for quasi-resonant amplification, which refers to extreme and unusual jet stream patterns.
The study mentions examples such as the 2003 European heat wave, the 2010 Pakistan flood and Russian heat waves, and the 2011 Texas and Oklahoma heat wave and drought.
Texas had its driest year on record in 2011, according to the National Weather Service.
The lack of rain that year put more than 97 percent of the Lone State State in a severe drought condition, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor.
A briefing for the Texas Legislature by the Office of the State Climatologist reported that the 2011 drought was “susceptibility due to global ocean temperature patterns.” The report added that while global weather patterns “tend to reverse themselves over time” in the future “the safest bet is that global temperatures will continue to increase, causing Texas droughts to be warmer and more strongly affected by evaporation.” These extreme weather events are likely to increase “under business-as-usual burning of fossil fuels, keeping in mind our assumption that the historically defined fingerprint remains valid in the future climate,” the study said.
But that figure varies among model simulations and could increase by even more, “roughly tripling” the number of events.
Although so much consistent rainfall can be concerning, National Weather Service meteorologist Lee Carlaw said it’s difficult to definitively connect two consecutive months of record-setting rain to something such as climate change.

The Odisha government on Thursday declared drought in nine districts of the state.
A total of 2,33,173.8 hectares of crop land in the nine districts — Baragarh, Bolangir, Deogarh, Jharsuguda, Kalahandi, Nabarangpur, Nuapada, Sambalpur, Sundargarh — have been declared drought-affected.
Farmers have suffered crop loss of 33 per cent and above due to moisture stress in the districts, said a statement from the Special Relief Commissioner’s office.
The state government has authorised district collectors to undertake relief measures in the notified areas.
The State Drought Monitoring Cell (SDMC) is monitoring the situation, while studying different parameters as prescribed in the Manual for Drought Management, 2016.
As per the analysis, there is rainfall deficit of 39 per cent to 59 per cent (severe deficit) in Bolangir and Sundargarh districts.
Another 30 blocks in 12 districts experienced deficit rainfall (shortfall between 19 and 39 per cent) while 100 blocks in 19 districts have experienced a dry spell for three weeks and more.

The "big dry", lasting for several years in some areas, is turning vast swathes of lush green land across the continent’s eastern interior brown.
But conservationists warn that the natural environment, particularly endangered wildlife, also needs support.
While droughts are not uncommon in Australia and native species are hardier than livestock, additional factors such as human activity, introduced animals and dwindling water sources are compounding the stress on populations.
Wildlife rescuer Racheal Walker has seen a sharp increase in the number of baby kangaroos, or joeys, being taken into care in central-west New South Wales state.
The malnourished babies are abandoned by mothers who aren’t able to feed them, while others are orphaned young whose parents were struck by vehicles as they roam closer to towns in search of food and water.
Other smaller marsupials that usually prefer wooded areas are also venturing far beyond their habitat in search of sustenance.
From 2016, WIRES has recorded a 52 percent increase in the number of macropods rescued, and a whopping 81 percent jump for wombats.
"They are coming closer, which actually gives people an opportunity to see them, as long as they practice safe-driving," McLean said.
"It’s pretty amazing to see mobs of 30 emus go past you, which is what we see quite regularly and yet we still stop and take photos of it."
With no end to the drought in sight, Kingsford is hopeful governments will take measures to protect vulnerable species, such as keeping farm livestock out of national parks so that wildlife has a food source during the dry spells.

The affected talukas are located in 26 of the state’s 36 districts and as many as 112 face severe drought.
The dry belt of Marathwada is the worst hit, with as many as 44 talukas facing severe drought and three a moderate one.
North Maharashtra is also badly affected, with 33 talukas facing a severe drought and six a moderate version.
In the Konkan, only one district has been impacted.
Besides rainfall and ground water level, the lowered moisture content in the soil as a result of a dry spell of 21-28 days, extent of sowing, vegetation cover and crop loss were among the parameters used to assess the drought according to the Centre’s drought manual for 2016.
State’s drought-hit farmers entitled to monetary relief To qualify for “trigger 1” drought assessment, the talukas had to report a rainfall deficit of below 75% of normal rain and a dry spell of 21 to 28 days.
For the third stage, the state conducted “ground truthing” or an eye survey of five major crops in 10% of the affected area, to assess if 33% or more of the crop has been impacted.
To qualify for severe drought, three of four key impact indicators have to apply.
Drought-affected areas are also entitled to relief under the NDRF.
With dry conditions taking grip, the state had on October 23 declared relief for 180 talukas that reported trigger 2 level drought assessment.

The designation also applies to contiguous counties Adams, Gem and Payette in Idaho, and Baker and Malheur in Oregon.
The emergency loans can be used to fund various recovery efforts including replacing essential items such as equipment or livestock, reorganizing a farming operation or refinancing debts.
FSA will review applications based on the extent of losses, loan security the applicant has available, and repayment ability, the agency said in a news release.
FSA Idaho spokeswoman Polly Hoyt said the declaration was based on a U.S. Drought Monitor result of D2 (severe) for eight straight weeks.
It was not based on fire incidence, she said.
Other Drought Monitor classifications include D0 for abnormally dry, D1 for moderate, and D3 and D4 for extreme and exceptional, respectively.
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Bengaluru: The Karnataka government on Tuesday submitted a memorandum to the Centre seeking R 2,434 crore under the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for drought relief measures.
During severe drought and devastating floods between July and August, the state registered a loss worth R 16,662.48 crore.
"Karnataka has faced severe drought and devastating floods during Kharif 2018.
On one hand, the parts of Malnad and coastal districts were affected by floods associated with landslides/mudflows during July-August and on the other hand, the majority of the districts in interior Karnataka are reeling under severe drought."
"After evaluating the drought indicating parameters, prescribed by the Government of India in the Drought Management Manual-2016, the State Government has notified 100 taluks of 24 districts in the state as drought affected," a government statement read.
To ameliorate the economic condition of the farming community, especially small and marginal farmers, the state government has implemented "Crop Loan Waiver Scheme 2018.
"It is likely to bring relief to a large number of farmers.
The financial implications of the loan waiver is estimated to be more than R 48, 000 crore and is the biggest ever for any state in the country," the memorandum read.
Not only that, the Karnataka government also claimed that they have passed Karnataka Debt Relief Bill 2018 in an attempt to free small and marginal farmers and weaker sections from the agrarian and debt crisis due to borrowing money from informal sources at an exorbitant rate of interest.
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During severe drought and devastating floods between July and August, the state registered a loss amounting to Rs 16,662.48 crore.
In its memorandum, the state government stated, “Karnataka has faced severe drought and devastating floods during Kharif 2018.
The field survey and ground truthing have reported 27.32 lakh ha (41 per cent of sown area) is drought affected.
The estimated loss due to agriculture and horticulture crop loss is Rs.16, 662.48 crore,” the statement read.
The Karnataka government also touched upon the issue of water levels in reservoirs, saying that this year the levels are better than the previous years.
Drinking water is being supplied through tankers to 159 villages, and 203 private bore-wells have been hired for drinking water purpose in rural areas.
If the dry spell continues, Goshalas and Fodder banks will be operated,” the document read.
1042.93 crores,” it said.
To ameliorate the economic condition of the farming community, especially small and marginal farmers, the state government has implemented “Crop Loan Waiver Scheme 2018.
50 crore @Rs.50 lakh per drought-affected taluk from State Fund to take up immediate drought relief work.

In 2014 the call went out for aid to be sent to the struggling, drought-stricken farmers from the Eastern States.
16 trucks carrying loads bales of hay convoyed from across the South-East of WA and traversed two states to New South Wales, where they were greeted on Australia day by gratuitous farmers with tears in their eyes.
Four years later, and dry conditions has continued to ravage our Eastern States neighbours and the need for help is more important now than ever.
Farmers across Borders were asked to help once again and once again they have heeded the call!
Hear about the charity here, with this conversation between Sean from the Triple M Breakfast Show, and Anne and Ross.
The charity operations have blown out this time however.
16 trucks have been upgraded to 50, with organisers calling out for hay and trucks from across the state to lend a hand donating and delivering.
Petrol, twine and balers are also critical to the success of the entire process, and the group have several local sponsors they’d like to thank for their donations to the cause including Elders, Farmer General, Esperance Rural Supplies (baling twine) and South-East Petroleum (helping to set up a fuel donation platform).
Numbers are looking good for the trucks but organisers are still working hard sourcing hay and straw, although they are confident of filling their hay quota.
The large, convoy plan to arrive in Burke from across the Nullarbor on Australia day, 2015.

Then boom!
“We got a fairly decent rain during the monsoon, and then October hit and really pushed us over the edge” O’Malley explained.
Before we were even halfway through the month, we hit our wettest October on record, according to the National Weather Service.
It was the Oct. 13 storm that put us over the top.
In June, most of the state was either in the exceptional or extreme drought category.
While that’s decidedly better, it’s still not great.
“We are seeing improvements in soil moisture and rangeland conditions but still we are lagging in the water-resource department,” said O’Malley.
+2 One super rainy month isn’t going to take Arizona out of its 15-year drought but we’re looking at a weak El Niño pattern for this winter.
That means the odds are tilted in Arizona’s favor of possibly seeing above-average rainfall numbers continue in the coming months.
The key to the forecast will be snow this winter — and lots of it.

Prolonged drought stalks Arizona The dark side of low-water levels could mean cutbacks to Arizona, according to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Arizona water experts said mainly farms and rural areas, rather than cities, could be restricted.
If Lake Mead’s water level falls below 1,050 feet, Arizona would lose an additional 80,000 acre-feet of water, according to the Bureau of Reclamation.
But bigger cities are already considering policies that would reduce their water use and float their water allotments over to Pinal County.
Although California receives the largest allotment from Lake Mead, agreements forged years ago give it priority.
California, the most populous state in the country, has some disadvantages compared to Arizona when it comes to storing water, Porter said.
“So they have a need for it that is more immediate.” Arizona has not needed its entire allocation of water from Lake Mead, Porter said, so CAP and the Arizona Water Banking Authority have used the excess to recharge aquifers.
Beaches, boat ramps updated as Mead drops The recreational opportunities brought on by drought at Lake Mead National Recreation Area also come at a cost – $2 million in updates for every 10-foot drop in the water level.
“With every change, there’s a new fun thing to do here,” said Christie Vanover, public affairs officer for the recreation area.
But considering the Bureau of Reclamation’s prediction, they are likely to stay above water, at least for the next few years.