http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jawr.2017.53.issue-3/issuetoc Editorial Wigington summarizes the purpose of Water Commentaries and Reviews (WCR) Water Commentaries and Reviews (WCR) Hoag et al. (2017), in the first WCR paper, explores difficulties associated with water quality trading for nonpoint source pollution and identify physical, economic, and institutional requirements for successful water quality trading.
Featured Series – SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges This is a recurring series of papers focused on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT).
Shao et al. developed an open source GIS-based decision support system for creating best management best management practice scenarios and simulating economic costs and water quantity/quality benefits at farm field, subbasin, and watershed scales.
Pfannerstill et al. propose an evaluation framework that considers both stream discharge and water balance components as evaluation criteria for calibration of SWAT.
Almendinger and Jones developed a SWAT model to estimate load reductions due to selected best management practices and to determine how phosphorus export coefficients scaled with contributing areas.
Other Technical Papers Griffin and Friedman examine historical variability in annual and growing season precipitation, temperature, and streamflow.
Osei et al. assess comprehensive nutrient management plans as a tool for addressing nonpoint nutrient and sediment losses from animal feeding operations.
Driscoll et al. derive snow depletion curves from operational Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) snow model as daily 1-km gridded SWE data over the conterminous United States.
Lerch et al. evaluate the effects of vegetation buffer strips on runoff transport of atrazine, metolachlor, and glyphosate.
Webb et al. developed a method using hourly snow water equivalent data to develop and test a function for representing the diurnal pattern of snowmelt.

Review of literature on water pollution in india.
Review of literature on water pollution in india 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Water pollution is a serious problem in India because the safe drinking water is decreasing at an alarming rate.
"Pollution and Biomonitoring of Indian Rivers Review of Literature – Shodhganga various types of water pollution and the major sources and control of pollution.
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Find Business & Industrial ArticlesLook for: Water Pollution Articles?
It is a well-known fact that clean water is absolutely essential for healthy living.
Learning lessons for the London 2012 …Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water – A review Patil.
P.N, Sawant.
D.V, Deshmukh.
R.N 1195 International Journal of Environmental Sciences Volume 3 thesis statement for a paper on the death penalty No Although inhabited and remote, South Sentinel island is covered with plastic!

The activity is part of an ongoing effort at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Dallas to address declining freshwater mussel populations across the state – a trend that could signal declining health in Texas’ river systems, Morton said.
Morton’s work studying trends that lead to widespread mussel decline is housed at AgriLife’s Dallas Center but implemented by her employer, the Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute, which falls under Texas A&M AgriLife Research.
Fish and Wildlife Service’s 12-week Directorate Resource Fellowship Program at the organization’s San Marcos Aquatic Resources Center.
There she will begin new research into declines of the Texas hornshell mussel, which in late 2016 became the first state species proposed for listing as nationally endangered.
Morton’s research with the fellowship program involves observing physiological tolerances and reactions of mussels to "dewatering" – an increasingly critical area in the face of climate change, drought and rising water demands, she said.
"How long will they survive out of water and what is their behavior when stranded?"
Morton now looks toward the next 12 weeks and her return to Dallas, where she will continue her work with a range of freshwater mussel species, whose proliferation she called critical to the health of freshwater systems across the state and country.
She said her work with the Texas hornshell back in San Marcos will be valuable to her research in North Texas.
"What we learn about Texas hornshell will be useful for other species across Texas," she said.
"These are risks that apply to really any species across the state, and this work will paint a clearer picture of what’s happening with mussels in Texas.

June 5th each year is World Environment Day (World Environment Day).
Perhaps one day we will find out how powerful the human environment is, and how fragile the environment for which the human race depends!
According to 2016 March issued by the WHO, "disease prevention through environmental health: environmental burden of disease global assessment report (Second Edition)" we can know: air, water and soil pollution, chemical hazards, climate change, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental risk factors can cause 100 kinds of diseases and injuries.
1. in 2012 alone, a total of 12 million 600 thousand people worldwide were estimated to have died from living or working in an unhealthy environment, close to the global death toll of 1/4; Of the 21 thousand and 260 deaths, about 820 died of stroke, heart disease, accident, cancer, chronic respiratory tract infection, non infectious diseases, accounting for about 65%; 3. because of the improvement of environmental sanitation and medical services, the number of infectious diseases such as diarrhea and malaria related to the decline of bad water supply, environmental sanitation, waste management and garbage management has declined globally during the period of 2002~2012 ten.
The world’s largest single environmental health risk: air pollution According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, in 2014 92% of the global population living environment air quality failed to meet the WHO air quality guidelines about air pollution level; in 2012, killing 7 million people, air pollution has become the world’s largest single environmental health risk.
Based on the 2012 death data and evidence about the health risks associated with air pollution, the WHO analyzed the following set of data for diseases and deaths caused by air pollution: Among the deaths from outdoor air pollution – 40%, ischemic heart disease; 40% stroke; 11%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 6%, lung cancer; 3%, children with acute lower respiratory tract infection; Among the deaths caused by indoor air pollution – 34% stroke; 26%, ischemic heart disease; 22%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 12%, children with acute lower respiratory tract infection; 6%, lung cancer.
Polluted water sources can not only be used, but also spread all kinds of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis, etc.. Water health and safety are guaranteed, and at least the following diseases and hazards are avoided: (water pollution hazard).
Each year more than 500 thousand diarrhea deaths result from drinking water pollution; 2. diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and other pathogens are water carriers; 3. diseases of the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni and other pathogens in water; 4. arsenic poisoning and fluorosis caused by chemical pollution water sources; Status of water pollution in china.
After industrialization and city hurricane style development, in China there are about 2/3 of the land subject to different degrees of pollution, especially the problem of heavy metal pollution in soil increased significantly expand the risk factors causing soil heavy pollution and high risk.
World Environment Day poster.

WHO: United States Among Least Polluting Nations on the Planet.
In the most recent WHO report on air pollution, the United States was listed as one of the countries with the cleanest air in the world, significantly cleaner in fact than the air in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the UK, Japan, Austria and France.
The annual mean concentrations of particulate matter in the air range from less than 10 to over 100 µg/m3, the report states.
“The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameter is a common measure of air pollution,” the WHO states.
Similarly, another list of the 15 most polluted cities in the world featured three cities from China, three cities from Saudi Arabia, and a whopping seven cities from India.
A third list, ranking the ten cleanest and ten most polluted cities in the world, placed two U.S. cities on the list of cleanest cities on the planet.
The list of the most polluted cities in the world was led by two cities from China followed by two more cities from India.
Rather than follow the time-tested practice used by the World Health Organization, which measures levels of disease-causing pollutants that get into people’s lungs, some have played a shell game, swapping a new measure of “pollution” based solely on emissions of carbon dioxide.
Current levels of carbon dioxide concentration in the environment are substantially lower than they have been during earlier periods in the planet’s history.
Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere “is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.” “The benefits are real, whereas the costs of warming are uncertain,” he said.

We all have socio-ethical towards Environment Conservation: Dr Singh.
Staff Reporter,
Chief Minister Dr Raman Singh has stressed the need for conservation of environment in order to protect the Earth.
He has urged all people to actively participate in this direction.
Dr Singh said – Conservation of environment is the social as well as moral responsibility of one and all.
He extended his best wishes from Japan today for the successful organizing of World Environment Day to be celebrated on June 5.
In his message he stated that biodiversity has been linked to the environment of the Earth with pure air, clean water, fertile soil and intense greenery.
The contribution of industries in the economic development of human society is very important, but due to the rapid industrial development in the modern era, one big challenge to safeguard the environment of the world has come before us in the form of global warming.
We have to strike a balance between industrial development and the environment.
The Chief Minister has appealed to people to keep trees, ponds, wells and natural water sources clean, to ensure massive tree plantation, to protect plantation and to avoid water pollution.

Green Monday is a global movement that encourages South Africans to make a positive difference to the environment – one meal at a time.
Replacing meat, eggs and dairy with plant-based foods such as nuts, grains, beans, legumes and vegetables, even just one day a week, can make a tremendous difference, especially as we face water restrictions, shortages of arable land and the threats of climate change.
We raise more than 1 billion land animals for food every year in South Africa and research indicates those numbers continue to grow.
All of this comes at a price, as raising animals for food contributes to climate change, deforestation, water pollution and water shortages: Climate-changing gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are released into the atmosphere at nearly every stage of meat, egg, and milk production.
In South Africa, animal agriculture accounts for 60 percent of total agricultural carbon dioxide.
Substantial amounts of farm land are also used to grow feed for farm animals.
Producing meat, milk and eggs requires huge amounts of water, whether for growing feed, cleaning housing enclosures, hydrating the animals, disposing their waste or disinfecting slaughtering equipment.
Humane Society International, Africa asks that you consider replacing animal products with plant-based foods every Green Monday in order to help us conserve and protect South Africa’s precious water supply.” Other benefits come from a greener diet.
“It is really easy to replace animal products in our meals with delicious and healthy plant-based alternatives,” according to Ms. Roode.
This year, World Environment Day happens to fall on a Monday, so make it a Green Monday.

Environmentalists and social scientists oppose Pharma City near Hyderabad, express fear of excess pollution A Raju, Hyderabad Monday, June 05, 2017, 08:00 Hrs [IST] Environmentalists and social scientists in Hyderabad have opposed the establishment of Pharma City, as they fear setting up of new pharmaceutical units in the Pharma City would pollute the entire environment not only within the premises of the city but also contaminate land, water and air within the proximity of the Pharma City.
“We feel, creating additional pharmaceutical clusters and establishment of Pharma City, to a large extent, would only further add to the already existing pollution creating health hazards to the people.
Already the Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation has been entrusted to develop the basic infrastructure facilities like construction of roads, drains and setting up of power lines and providing water facilities.
Already construction activities over 2000 acres in the Pharma City is undergoing and few companies have already started their units.
However, even though the government had promised that the Pharma City will be free of pollution and adequate steps will be taken to see that utmost care will be taken to protect environment from the emanating industrial pollutants, the environmentalists have their own doubts and opposing the setting up of such huge pharma cluster like Pharma City.
“Already there is huge pharma pollution caused by the pharma industries within the city which is affecting the health of people; and there is a huge fish killing in the lakes.
Now with government proposing to establish more new pharma clusters on the outskirts of Outer Ring Road, this means more environmental pollution in the coming days.
With unabated letting of pollutants in nalas, the Hussain sagar and the Musi river have been highly polluted and the pharma companies are least bothered and have done nothing to save the lakes and water bodies,” said C. Manjulatha, Principal of Government City College, Hyderabad.
Dr K Babu Rao, a retired senior scientist, observed that there is no need to come up with new Pharma city projects as they would pollute other areas.
He said, “Though the pharma companies and the government are claiming to have installed Zero Liquid Discharge equipments in the manufacturing units, it is not possible to have a zero liquid discharge.

Early this year, China cancelled plans to build 103 coal plants and put out a directive to bring down coal use and promote new sources of power like wind, nuclear and solar in Beijing.
Amu Power Consortium is behind the project.
Ernest Niemi, an economist and president of Natural Resource Economics, who has done studies on coal plants across the world for over 40 years, said operating the AMU power coal plant to produce electricity will be cheap for the developers but expensive as an energy source to consumers and detrimental to the society in general.
Studies across the world, he said, show that the social cost of running coal-fired power plants exceeds the economic benefits.
Emissions from the plant stacks will contain toxic gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur, mercury, arsenic and nitrous oxide, he said.
Neither does it provide reliable estimate of the carbon dioxide the project would emit and the the cost,” he said, adding that with the Sh69 billion worth of electricity the project is timed to net annually, the associated carbon emissions would result in social costs of Sh28-Sh580 billion by degrading the ecosystem.
With the wind speeds provided, what will be the touchdown of the flue gases from the stack height?” he asked, adding that the minimum and maximum temperatures at the site are 27.20C and 30.30C respectively, while the design temperatures are given as 270°C.
In spite of the fact that the project will cause many occupation health related diseases to the workers and also diseases emanating from the plant to the neighbourhood community, Musingi said the EIA had no comprehensive mitigation measures provided for the ailments.
Moreover, polluters are normally economically powerful corporations, while the plaintiffs are ordinarily citizens with low economic power,” he added.
Niemi said embracing safe and reliable renewable energy will help Kenya create jobs and cut dependency on coal or oil, saving costs on imports.

What is Water Pollution and types of Water Pollution ?.
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