A new report issued by the Center for Watershed Sciences and California Trout has found that nearly 75% of the state’s salmon and trout (salmonids) could be extinct within the next 100 years.
The good news is that the report shows that most of these fishes can continue to persist if appropriate actions are taken.
Looking at this another way, 71% of anadromous salmon and trout and 74% of inland trout in California scored as critical or high concern, indicating a high likelihood of extinction in the next 100 years.
Behavioral and life history diversity contribute to population and species resiliency under changing conditions.
Over the last century, however, the ability of most of these salmonids to adapt to changing conditions has been greatly reduced due to rapid and extreme habitat degradation and interactions of hatchery salmonids with wild salmonids.
The State of the Salmonids II report makes it clear that many native salmonids in California are on a trajectory towards extinction, if present trends continue.
The report outlines a set of solutions, termed “return to resilience,” the central tenet of which is improving behavioral and life history diversity of salmonid species.
These include the following, which are not mutually exclusive: 1) Stronghold Watersheds, or the remaining fully functioning aquatic ecosystems in California such as the Smith River, Blue Creek, and the Eel River, so that they may continue to protect and enhance salmonid diversity, 2) Source Waters such as mountain meadows, springs, and groundwater, which will be vitally important in buffering the effects of climate change and providing cold water during the late summer and drought, and 3) Productive and Diverse Habitats including floodplains, lagoons, coastal estuaries, and spring-fed rivers—these are some of the most productive aquatic systems in California which have been shown to increase salmonid growth rates, alter migration timing and life history diversity, and improve adult returns.
4) Endemic Trout Waters.
Access to historical spawning and rearing habitat may enhance population diversity and resilience to change.

Tainted water found in wells near Suffolk fire academy in Yaphank.
The 28-acre training site sits across Yaphank Avenue from a small residential neighborhood where private wells have also tested positive for the compounds, prompting Suffolk County to begin hooking up those residences to public water supplies.
It’s a patchwork of homes with either public water or private wells, said Suffolk County Water Authority CEO Jeff Szabo.
The compounds aren’t regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency but the federal authority last year set a health advisory of 70 parts per trillion for both PFOS and PFOA combined.
A National Toxicology Program report based on animal and human subjects released last year “found these chemicals were presumed to be immune hazards to people,” said Laurel Schaider, a research scientist with Silent Spring Institute in Massachusetts.
About 50 homes over three phases will be connected at no charge to Suffolk County Water Authority wells, and bottled water is being delivered to affected residences for cooking and drinking, Suffolk Health Commissioner Dr. James L. Tomarken said.
“I was very upset that they never tested it before,” said Corbett, adding that she has lived at the house for 19 years.
They need the political will.” Suffolk County Deputy Executive Peter Scully said $250,000 is in the proposed budget to pay for the water hookups and additional investigating.
The designation of the Yaphank site is part of an overall push from the state’s water quality rapid response team to address contamination from PFOS and PFOA, which also are used in some fire-retardant materials and food packaging.
Homes with private wells are not subject to drinking water regulations but public water suppliers must meet safety standards.

Causes of pollution essay.
Causes and Effects of Air Pollution.
Water pollution causes and effects essay.
Writing an environment pollution cause and effect essay?
Air pollution essays What causes air pollution?
Air pollution essays.
Causes And Effects Of Air Pollution.
Causes and Effects of Air Pollution.
Water pollution causes and effects essay.
Essay on Water Pollution.

‘I’ve had headaches since Thursday night’: Aftermath of NAS Oceana fuel spill leaves residents distressed.
Representatives from the Navy, United States Coast Guard, Virginia Beach Department of Health, the state Department of Environmental Quality, and more gathered in the gymnasium of the church Monday to provide worried residents information on the status of their neighborhoods and the remaining clean-up.
“They are walking down my street in full hazmat gear, meanwhile they are telling me ‘you’ll be okay,” said Mark Lam who lives by Arrowfield Road.
“I got a garden in my backyard.
According to Heidi Kulberg, Health Director at the Department of Health, while residents are concerned about adverse health effects because of the fumes, air monitoring tests in affected areas have proven to be non-threatening.
A threatening reading would be 14 ppm and above she said.
“There has been one reading, of all of the myriad of readings that have been taken, there was one that I believe was 17 [ppm], and it was at a water site, I’m told, where one of the booms was collecting all of the chemicals,” she said.
“Within the neighborhoods and along the street level, my understanding and looking at the information the highest was 4 ppm, so within the neighborhood and street level it has not reached the health concern threshold.” According to Coast Guard officials in an earlier press conference, much of the fuel was contained on the naval base, but an undetermined amount made its way into waterways and traveled into Wolfsnare Creek before guardsmen were able to stop it using earthen dams and hard barriers known as booms.
Other residents are concerned about the impact the fuel spill is having on their pets and other wildlife in the area.
“They boomed off at the end of Wolfsnare Creek, and they boomed off over at London Bridge, but they have not come down near the marsh behind our house where there is jet fuel on the trees and on the cattails … I have two dogs in my home that will not eat and have not eaten since Friday.” Jordan can be reached at jordan@localvoicemedia.com

Pharma waste from one of India’s largest pharmaceutical manufacturing hub, Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh region in Himanchal Pradesh, flows into the Sirsa river While some companies in the region claim to have Zero Liquid Discharge plants for waste management, there is no mechanism to check their regular functioning Small manufacturers undertake primary and secondary treatment and drain the waste Studies have found resistant genes and antimicrobial pharmaceuticals contaminating the direct environment of drug manufacturing units Spread over 380 square kilometres in Himachal Pradesh’s Solan district, the Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh (BBN) industrial area is one of India’s largest pharmaceutical manufacturing hubs.
Pharma manufacturing units are required to send their solid waste to the treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF).
But ZLD plants require huge investments.
An official at Morepen Laboratories Limited explains that setting up a state-of the-art wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) such as ZLD for a large manufacturing plant costs R3 crore, with monthly operational expenses of R10 lakh.
All of this allows entry of residual APIs into the environment.
The CETP in Baddi, which became operational in 2016, drains treated wastewater into the Sirsa river.
But the level of evidence required is not there.
In 2016, researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad reported high levels of fluoroquinolone residues in water and sediment samples of the Musi river, which receives effluents from WWTPs around Hyderabad.
Thus, the threat of AMR due to APIs in the environment will be present as Baddi expands manufacturing capacity.
Guiding star India’s National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) focuses on its environmental aspect Surveillance of AMR and antibiotic residues in environment, including pharma manufacturing discharges Standards for antibiotic residues in industrial effluents Environmental risk assessment for establishment of factories, including pharmaceutical manufacturing units Development of legislation, awareness and incentives Training of environment regulators, industry players on AMR and the need to control it This story was first published in the May 16-31, 2017 issue of Down To Earth magazine under the headline "Bitter Medicine".

Worldwide Water Purifier Market: Depleting Ground Water and Rising Water Pollution Bolster Growth, Says TMR.
Transparency Market Research (TMR) observes that global water purifier market is extremely fragmented.
During the forecast years of 2017 and 2025, the global market is likely to progress at a CAGR of 8.1%.
Out of all the technologies, the RO purifier technology is projected to lead the global market over the forecast years.
Scarcity of Clean Water Pushes Civic Bodies to Adopt Water Purifiers United Nations stated that there were over 3.5 billion people living in the urban areas across the globe.
Additionally, the need for water reuse and emerging trend of recycling in water intensive industries has also bolstered the growth of the global market.
Lack of Awareness about Consumption of Unsafe Water acts as an Impediment On the flip side, the global water purifier market faces some tough challenges.
Get more information from Research Report Press Release: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/pressrelease/water-purifier-market-2017-2025.htm This review is based on Transparency Market Research’s report, titled "Water Purifier Market (Technology – Gravity Purifiers, RO Purifiers, UV Purifiers, Sediment Filters, Water Softener, Others; End User – Industrial, Commercial, Household; Accessories – Pitcher Filter, Under Sink Filter, Shower Filter, Faucet Mount, and Water Dispenser) – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2017 – 2025."
The global water purifier market is segmented as below: Global Water Purifier Market, By Technology Gravity Purifier RO Purifier UV Purifier Sediment Filter Water Softener Others Global Water Purifier Market, By Accessories Pitcher Filter Under Sink Filter Shower Filter Faucet Mount Water Dispenser Others Global Water Purifier Market, By End-User Industrial Commercial Household Global Water Purifier Market, By Geography Top Most Research Reports by TMR: About Us Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a market intelligence company, providing global business information reports and services.
With wider scope and stratified research methodology, TMR’s syndicated reports strive to provide clients to serve their overall research requirement.

Centre Water Works calls alleged polluters on the carpet.
The lawsuit is against carpet and textile companies, manufacturers and chemical suppliers of PFCs that attorneys contend are responsible for polluting the city’s water supply.
Representing Centre are Beasley Allen lawyers Jere Beasley, Rhon Jones, Rick Stratton, Grant Cofer and Ryan Kral, together with Roger Bedford of Roger Bedford & Associates in Russellville.
Jones said the lawsuit is basically the same kind of case with the same allegations made against the same defendants as in the lawsuit brought last year by the Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board.
However, Jones said the plaintiffs filed a motion to have it moved back to state court “where it belongs,” and are waiting for a federal judge’s ruling.
When Gadsden’s suit was filed, Jones said the Gadsden Water Works and its customers did not put the chemicals in the water and should not be held responsible for removing them either.
The polluters must bear the expected multi-million dollar cost cleaning up and removing the PFCs from the water system.
Some of the highest PFC test results in North America, if not the world, have been recorded near the discharge sites for these carpet manufacturers.” In May 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued new lifetime health exposure guidelines for PFOS and PFOA.
After the EPA issued the new exposure limits, an advisory warning was provided to eight systems in Alabama.
The EPA advisory focused on PFOA and PFOS, man-made chemical compounds that are used in the manufacture of non-stick, stain-resistant and water-proofing coatings on fabric, cookware, firefighting foam and a variety of other consumer products.

Board seeks bank guarantee from mining companies assuring no pollution to get consent to operate; No decision taken on Sonshi mines Team Herald PANJIM: While iron ore mining activities in Sonshi village in Sattari will remain at a halt for some more time, Goa State Pollution Control Board (GSPCB), in a bid to avert dust pollution around mining sites, has directed all mining companies seeking to commence activities, to submit a bank guarantee assuring ‘No Pollution’, failing which the consent to operate will not be granted.
The meeting resolved to direct mining companies to produce a bank guarantee, before it decides on their consent to operate under the Air and Water Pollution Act.
The meeting also deferred the decision with regard to mining leases in Sonshi, wherein the Board felt the need for further monitoring of the ambient air quality in the village.
The guarantee amount is to be based on the area of the lease.
It will most likely be Rs 50 lakh for mining leases above 100 hectares, Rs 25 lakh for mining lease whose area is between 50 hectares and 100 hectares and Rs 12.5 lakh for mining leases below 50 hectares.
Speaking to Herald after the meeting, GSPCB Member Secretary Levinson Martins said the consent to operate would be granted only after they produce the bank guarantee and the Board is satisfied with the measures initiated by the firms to mitigate dust pollution.
If a lease holder fails to control the air and water pollution in the vicinity, the bank guarantee will be seized by the Board,” he said.
“It is now for those 39 lease holders to decide, whether they want to produce bank guarantee now or when the new season resumes in October,” Martins said.
The Member Secretary said that ‘as far as mining in Sonshi is concerned, the Chairman has asked the Board to further monitor the air pollution and submit the report’.
Mining activities at Sonshi are shut since April 28, after GSPCB declined to grant consent to operate to 12 out of 13 mining leases operational there due to dust pollution created.

MIT Researchers Use Electrochemical Method To Clean Water.
Relying on an electrochemical process, a team of researchers at Massachusetts Institute for Technology (MIT) have developed a new method to remove very dilute concentrations of pollutants and even extremely low levels of unwanted compounds from water.
Separation methods that existed before tend to consume a lot of energy and chemicals.
The study, titled “Asymmetric Faradaic systems for selective electrochemical separations,” was first published in the Royal Society of Chemistry’s journal Energy and Environmental Science.
The methods and systems that are being used in current water treatment plants and labs include membrane filtration, which, despite its high cost, has limited effectiveness at low concentrations, electrodialysis and capacitive deionization, which often require high voltages that tend to produce side reactions.
Adding to their shortcomings, these processes are hampered by excess background salts.
These electrode surfaces are coated with Faradaic materials, which can undergo reactions to become positively or negatively charged.
These active groups can be tuned to bind strongly with a specific type of pollutant molecule, as the team demonstrated using ibuprofen and various pesticides.
Su argues that the same selective process should also be applied to the recovery of high-value compounds in a chemical or pharmaceutical production plant, where compounds might otherwise be wasted.
Matthew Suss, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Technion Institute of Technology in Israel, who was not involved in this work, finds this technique as highly significant.

LOCK HAVEN — The Clinton County commissioners do not like the proposed federal budget because of the substantial funding cuts that would impact county services.
The commissioners last week held a behind-closed-door meeting with U.S. Rep. Glenn “G.T.” Thompson and tell him about their specific concerns.
“We now have a better understanding of how some of the proposed budget items might impact the county,” Smeltz said in a later statement.
“The one thing G.T.
Snyder said the Renovo area has particularly benefited from the program, which has financed sewer, water and road improvement projects.
President Trump’s budget proposal would eliminate all funding for the ARC – a move that, if approved by Congress, would stop the flow of federal dollars to Ohio’s 32 Appalachian counties and similar communities across 12 other states.
r EDA funding: The U.S. Economic Development Administration provides funding for economic development projects across the U.S. r Housing Rehab funding: County government has already committed well over $1 million toward home repairs and rehabilitation in recent years for properties throughout the county.
r Department of Agriculture: Rural development funding remains a concern.
r State and federal funding for the Chesapeake Bay reboot initiative which Pennsylvania promised to fulfill.
This funding stream is in jeopardy.