Breathing space.
A smartphone survey last month ranked what Kathmandu’s long-suffering residents are most worried about: air and water pollution topped the list, followed by health and education.
It will not be an easy task, and some candidates have been making wildly unrealistic promises of underground metrorails and flyovers.
This led to 15 years of plunder of rivers, mountains and forests by a mafia enjoying political protection.
Worryingly, this time candidates for many of the Village and Municipal Councils are tainted figures trying to get elected to powerful local self-government units.
“There was no accountability, and corruption became part of grassroots governance,” laments Krishna Prasad Sapkota in our Guest Editorial on page 2.
There are also quotas for women and Dalits, and although more than 90 per cent of candidates to head local councils are men, parties are obliged to nominate a woman for one of the two senior local posts.
Preparations for the much-delayed elections were hurried because of the deadlock over the Constitution.
A compromise to hold it in two phases has its own dangers.
But this election, with all its flaws, is of symbolic importance because it finally brings the new Constitution into force.

Retired Wareham teacher earns kudos from Buzzards Bay Coalition.
Held in the Chart Room restaurant at Cataumet on Cape Cod, the event featured a review of the coalition’s strides toward stemming nitrogen pollution across the South Coast.
After accepting the award, Whittle said that volunteers should, “believe with all of your heart in an organization’s mission.
And I believe [the Buzzards Bay Coalition] is doing good work.
Otherwise, why would you volunteer?” After Whittle’s presentation, David Pincumbe, recently retired from the Environmental Protection Agency, was given the Buzzards Bay Guardian Award.
He received it in part for helping spearhead an overhaul at the Wareham Water Pollution Control Facility.
Korrin Petersen, the coalition’s senior attorney, described the upgrade as hugely successful, noting it reduced the amount of nitrogen entering the bay by 90 percent, which is “close to the limit technologically of what New England wastewater treatment plants are capable of.” Pincumbe joined the federal agency in 1983 and retired last month.
In accepting the award, Pincumbe said he appreciated the recognition and urged the crowd to keep working towards its mission.
“We need to keep fighting for better water quality,” he said.
For more information on the Buzzards Bay Coalition, click here.

President Trump, ethanol is bad for your voters.
"And we’re going to work for new technologies to be more efficient."
Perdue made the announcement flanked by two Republican Iowa lawmakers, wearing a pin that could take the award for best or most obscure special-interest lobbying swag.
It read, "Don’t mess with the RFS," referring to the federal requirement that the nation’s gasoline supply be diluted with massive amounts of ethanol — 19.3 billion gallons of the stuff annually.
In 2007, as governor of Georgia, he dumped $6 million into a company that claimed it could economically produce the fuel from wood chips.
The company quickly consumed the taxpayers’ funds and went out of business in 2011.
Despite his support for the ethanol lobby on the campaign trail, Trump had shown at least a few signs that he might be willing to derail the ethanol gravy train.
He chose an EPA administrator who had previously sued the EPA over the ethanol mandate.
Its mass production (40 percent of all corn grown in the U.S. is for ethanol) causes more water pollution and increases carbon emissions.
Last year’s election should have demonstrated that the ethanol industry is a paper tiger.

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Western Mass News Investigates: Westfield contaminated water.
Westfield residents are concerned over drinking water after discovering they’d been drinking contaminated water for decades.
A report written in 2007 about elevated numbers of bladder cancer is making the rounds, and now residents are demanding city-wide blood testing.
Westfield residents are demanding answers.
Last May, the city of Westfield took two of its wells offline as they exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency’s new health advisory levels for two chemicals — PFOA and PFOS.
These are manmade chemicals found in a large number of consumer products that work their way into the environment.
"I’ve lived in the part of town where the water has come from these wells – 7 & 8, and not only lived there, but raised three children, making formula, making everybody drink water," said Gail Bean.
City officials are doing what they can to get to the bottom of the city’s water contamination.
For now, people in Westfield are left to watch the water dripping out of their faucets and wonder what’s in it.
We did reach out to both the city’s public works department, and they told Western Mass News that those wells– 7 and 8, are offline and will stay that way.

EPA to fund Oklahoma nonpoint-source pollution projects.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently awarded $855,0000 to the Oklahoma Office of the Secretary of Energy to support management of nonpoint-source water pollution.
The funding will be used for a variety of projects designed to improve water quality in several priority watersheds.
This runoff picks up natural and man-made pollutants as it flows, eventually depositing the material into lakes, rivers, and groundwater.
This type of pollution can be difficult to manage since it cannot be traced to a specific source.
“This award will continue to assist the Oklahoma Conservation Commission and partners to improve our state’s waters.” EPA’s grant will help Oklahoma fund NPS management projects such as controlling animal wastes, sediment, pesticides, and fertilizers; watershed planning and monitoring; and education and outreach programs.
The nonpoint-source pollution control program supports the goals of the Clean Water Act to protect rivers, lakes, bays, wetlands and coastal waters.
Streams and wetlands benefit communities by trapping floodwaters, recharging groundwater supplies, removing pollution and providing habitats for fish and wildlife.
Families and farms located downstream understand the importance of healthy headwaters upstream.
One in three Americans get their drinking water from public systems that rely on seasonal and rain-dependent streams.

EXCLUSIVE: The Investigation Into Water Contamination At Camp Lejeune May Reopen Soon.
The toxic water crisis at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, that left 750,000 Marines, sailors, spouses and their families exposed to contaminated drinking water between the 1950s and the 1980s may face a renewed investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
On May 10, the CDC posted a sources sought notice for a cancer incidence study on water contamination at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.
The purpose of the study, according to the notice is to: “… assess whether there is an association between exposure to the contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune and the incidence of specific cancers in approximately 463,922 cohort members, the study will require that vital status and cause of death for decedents be obtained for 425,319 of the cohort members who had not died prior to January 1, 2009 before accessing cancer registry data from up to 55 state, territorial, and federal cancer registries.” The difference between this proposed study, which is focused on cancer incidence, and previous studies, which focused on mortality rates, is that a “cancer incidence study would have a greater capability of evaluating cases of highly survivable cancers than a mortality study.” A 2005 panel of scientists recommended that a cancer incidence “should receive the highest priority,” but one has yet to be conducted.
The study, though still tentative at this time, may start to gain ground in the coming months, Bernadette Burden, a spokesperson for the CDC, told Task & Purpose in an email: “The request for capability studies is a step to make sure we are on the right track with the proposal request and have clearly stated the needs and intent,” Burden said.
“We are still planning to post the request for proposals this summer.
The study has received all the necessary approvals.” The water contamination that occurred at Camp Lejeune ranks among the biggest in U.S. history, but it wasn’t until January of this year that the Department of Veterans Affairs announced that veterans stationed at Lejeune in the 1950s through the 1980s were eligible to submit applications for VA benefits.
“Hundreds of mothers suffered miscarriages or gave birth to stillborn babies or infants with birth defects, such as spina bifida.
And while the Department of Defense cleared Camp Lejeune water of toxins after Dec. 31, 1987, families posted there in the years following believe their health issues may be the result of water contamination.
A 2014 mortality study using two groups — one from Lejeune and one from Camp Pendleton, California, where there were no instances of contaminated water — revealed that residents of Camp Lejeune had a higher mortality rate for the following causes of death: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; cancers of the bladder, brain, cervix, colon, esophagus, female breast, kidney, larynx, liver, lung, oral cavity, pancreas, prostate, rectum, and soft tissue; hematopoietic cancers; Hodgkin’s Lymphoma; leukemias; multiple sclerosis; Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; non-cancerous kidney diseases; non-cancerous liver diseases; and multiple sclerosis.

Report: Puerto Rico’s Drinking Water at Brink of Crisis.
Puerto Rico’s drinking water system is on the brink of crisis, an environmental group said Wednesday.
Here Are 8 Places to Start The drinking water fails lead safety regulations, while 70 percent of the island is served by water that violates federal health standards.
The government-run water utility also routinely fails to conduct the required safety tests, while failing the safety tests they do conduct, according to a new NRDC report.
And Olson said he expects the situation to deteriorate further, because President Donald Trump’s has proposed big cuts to Environmental Protection Agency programs that fund the Puerto Rican water system and federal safety enforcement mechanisms.
The same utility that provides the island with water manages the sewage system, too, and leaky pipes likely lead to cross-contamination, Olson said.
After the Justice Department and the Environmental Protection Agency sued PRASA and concluded in 2015 they had been dumping six million gallons of sewage into waterways untreated daily, PRASA agreed to invest millions to make big upgrades to the sewage system.
"The environmental problems — people don’t have [water] on their short list of problems in Puerto Rico.
The EPA got involved.
In Puerto Rico, they know what’s going on," he said.

New podcast episode: Water Pollution in the Northern Netherlands, 1850-1980.
In the mid-19th century the Groningen Peat Colonies (Veenkoloniën) in the Northern Netherlands developed into a centre of strawboard and potato starch production.
The number of factories increased to 36 by 1900.
These industries brought jobs but also water pollution and stench caused by the release of thousands of cubic metres of waste water into the canals.
For most of the 20th century pollution was not an issue but the industry believed that large amounts of useful substances were “wasted” by dumping it with the waste water into water courses.
Experiments were set up to extract minerals and other substances for the production of fodder or fertiliser.
None of these efforts resulted in solving the water pollution problem of the Groningen Peat Colonies.
The pollution persisted until the latter quarter of the 20th century.
Episode 76 of Exploring Environmental History investigates the origins and extent of the water pollution in Groningen and why it took more than a century before the problem was solved.
It will highlight why the early experiments failed and the consequences of this for water quality in the province of Groningen.

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