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by Adam Ashton, originally posted on August 14, 2016

 

A pollutant that has leached into California aquifers since farmers first began using synthetic fertilizer continues to accumulate and would not be removed from groundwater even if the state’s agriculture businesses abruptly quit using nitrogen-based materials to boost the productivity of their crops.

That’s one of the themes of a new study from the UC Davis Agriculture Sustainability Institute that assesses the scale and sources of a kind of pollution that can harm infants if it seeps into groundwater and contributes to respiratory problems if it drifts into the air as a gas.

The report is the widest look yet at pollution from nitrogen, a common contaminant that the State Water Quality Control Board has tried in fits and starts to remove from Central Valley agricultural communities over the past decade.

The report’s authors offer a range of solutions – from creating a cap-and-trade-style market for nitrogen emissions to encouraging better waste-management practices on farms – but they concede that it could take decades to clean up groundwater that has collected fertilizer runoff since the 1940s.

“We don’t have enough technology on the shelf to be able to address the issue now,” said sustainability institute director Tom Tomich, who led the study. “There’s a need for collaboration with farmers and ranchers to develop solutions to these challenges.”

His team took seven years to weave together a broad picture of nitrogen pollution up and down the state. Past efforts have focused on specific regions, such as a 2012 study that showed up to 250,000 people are highly vulnerable to nitrogen contamination in the Salinas and southern San Joaquin valleys.

Tomich’s study found that California generates about 1.8 million tons of nitrogen every year. More than half of it comes from agricultural sources, which rely on nitrogen as a key component in fertilizers.

Of that, about 419,000 tons leach into groundwater, where it becomes a salt known as nitrate. Overexposure to nitrates in drinking water can hurt an infant’s ability to move oxygen in the bloodstream. It’s a condition known as “blue baby syndrome.”

In western Stanislaus County, the city of Modesto in 2005 built a special treatment plant to supply water to the small community of Grayson because of nitrate pollution in its wells. Delano in Kern County and Ripon in San Joaquin County also are testing new nitrate-removal processes. McFarland, also in Kern County, has had a nitrate-removal system in its water treatment plant since the 1980s.

“Communities right now are living with nitrogen water. Kids go to school and they’re told not to drink from the taps, and they’re told to buy bottled water,” said Debi Ores, an attorney for the advocacy group Community Water Center. “The problem is the communities are the ones paying the price, not the dischargers.”

Farmers and dairymen had been anticipating the release of the nitrogen assessment for some time. Many are reducing nitrogen pollution by taking steps to prevent fertilizer from going to waste or reforming their manure-management practices. Some effectively reuse nitrogen-polluted groundwater on their crops.

“This is legacy stuff,” said Danny Merkley, director of water resources at the California Farm Bureau. “It’s an issue that is really by no means a product of any nefarious act. It’s literally people doing what they were told and thought was the best practice at the time.”

The report was commissioned in part to determine whether the state should regulate nitrogen emissions as a greenhouse gas. Tomich’s team found that those emissions from agriculture are so small that they likely do not warrant new regulations.

Instead, the team determined that groundwater pollution presented the greatest potential harm to communities. Solving that problem seemed especially difficult because low-income farm communities that are under the most risk also depend on agriculture to support their economies.

“How do we provide safe groundwater for everybody?” Tomich asked. “This is an environmental justice issue. We’re talking about little kids in the Central Valley.”

He’s scheduled to brief legislative staffers on the assessment this fall.

The State Water Resources Control Board, meanwhile, is considering new rules for agricultural discharges in the San Joaquin River watershed. A proposal to update the state’s irrigated lands regulatory program is moving forward with provisions for stepped-up monitoring and reporting requirements for farmers.

One controversial item would enable the state to more easily identify which farms are responsible for nitrate pollution.

An early draft of the rules elicited dozens of letters from environmental groups, farmers and farm lobbyists earlier this summer.

Some environmental groups demanded a more rigorous rule, with more penalties for farms with discharge violations. Others asked the board to refine recommendations for fertilizer management, giving farmers goals to hit in reducing nitrate pollution.

“Best practices right now might not help someone this second, but five, 10, 20 years down the road, hopefully we’ll be seeing some benefit,” said Ores, from the Community Water Center.

The majority of the letters came from farmers, who called the proposal a “duplicative” order that would ruin the agency’s hard-earned goodwill with agricultural producers. They asked for more time and more flexibility in managing vital resources for their businesses.

“Water is the lifeblood of all life. Why would we in agriculture not be responsible stewards for water and land in our care?” wrote Stockton rancher Marie Rossi.

 

by Debbie Neustadt, originally posted on August 14,  2016

 

In Iowa it is widely accepted that the cause of nitrates in drinking water and rivers is fertilizer. Canoeists are beginning to avoid the Raccoon River because of nitrates [Iowa couple hangs up canoe over fear of nitrates in water, Aug. 7].

Now there is another health concern: microcystin, which comes from cyanobacteria. They pose a risk to human health through contact when swimming, boating or tubing, the ingestion of contaminated drinking water, or the consumption of contaminated fish or shellfish. Human illnesses following direct contact include symptoms of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis or dermatitis. Cases of the liver being affected have been documented in the United States and Australia.

In China, the incidence of liver or colorectal cancer was related to consumption of water that originated from sources contaminated with microcystin. Ohio has been concerned about microcystin contamination in drinking water derived from Lake Erie, especially exposure for children. In 2015 the National Parks Service in Nevada requested assistance in addressing the public health effects associated with a cyanobacteria in Lake Mead. This year, counties in southern Florida have had cynobacteria blooms and the governor has declared a state of emergency. We are not there yet.

by Jessica Remer, originally posted on August 13, 2016

 

PAWHUSKA, Okla. (KTUL) — The city of Pawhuska is under a boil order as of Friday afternoon.

City officials say the order was issued after water samples returned indicating the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli).

The bacteria is commonly found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. Most strains are harmless but others can cause illness.

Symptoms include diarrhea, urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia.

Tulsa’s Channel 8 was notified that several residents and businesses have stepped up while the community is inconvenienced by the boil order.

One resident had purchased 84 cases of water to hand out to the elderly and those who can’t acquire their own. A post on the Pawhuska Community Watch Facebook page said he was handing out the water for free at the old Homeland grocery store.

According to the Atwoods in Owasso, they are selling 24 packs of water for $1.99 to help out during the boil order.

originally posted on August 12, 2016

 

A new lawsuit has been filed over claims of chemical contamination in a north Alabama utility where residents were warned not to drink their tap water.

The lawsuit was filed by an Anniston-based law firm on behalf of more than 150 Lawrence and Morgan County residents who get their water from the West Morgan-East Lawrence Water Authority.

The suit names the water system plus 3M Co., subsidiary Dyneon and Daikin America Inc.

The lawsuit is the fourth over allegations that companies are to blame for chemical contamination in the utility’s water. New federal standards resulted in the authority warning residents not to drink the water in May, but they’ve since backed off that stance.

The companies say they followed federal environmental rules and deny wrongdoing.

 

by James Boyle, originally posted on July 18, 2016

 

Chalfont, New Britain and New Britain Township have become the latest communities to shut down a public well because of contamination.

Aqua Pennsylvania alerted residents Friday that test results from one of three wells showed a high level of perfluorinated compounds. The well contained 68 ppt of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), according to a company statement. The level is below the 70 ppt health advisory threshold set by the U.S. Envirionmental Protection Agency in May.

The result prompted Aqua Pennsylvania to take the well offline, leaving it as a backup for a fire emergency. An Aqua spokeswoman declined to identify the location of the well, citing company policy not to disclose that information. The other two wells in the Chalfont-New Britain water system tested at 9.6 ppt and 24 ppt for the chemicals and remain in use.

by Kate Shepherd, originally posted on July 18, 2016

 

Chicago Public Schools’ lead problem keeps growing. High levels of lead were found in the water during tests in 20 additional schools, the district announced Friday. The news means that 75 CPS schools have more lead in the water than federal limits allow. The district has informed parents of students at the schools in question about the lead levels.

 

 

 

originally posted on July 18, 2016

 

BARNSTABLE – The town of Barnstable is seeking $2 million in damages for well contamination in a lawsuit filed against the county in Barnstable Superior Court.

The town alleges that the use of firefighting foam at the fire training academy over many decades has polluted several wells.

Over the last few years at least three wells in Hyannis were found to contain unacceptable levels of perfluorooctane sulfate, or PFOS, and another compound known as PFOA.

The town paid to install water treatment systems and is looking to be reimbursed.

Barnstable’s assistant town attorney Charlie McLaughlin said the town engaged in settlement discussions last year.

“The county has not offered, up to the time of the filing, any compensation nor apparently had they budgeted for any compensation for the town in year’s fiscal budget,” McLaughlin said. “We felt we had no choice but to commence litigation. The door is open and I’m sure there will be plenty of discussions.”

McLaughlin said the town is also concerned that actions are continuing at the fire training academy that is added to the contamination.

“As recently as last fall, the county’s representative found a foamy substance deposited on the grounds over there, obviously of very recent origin, and that substance was found to contain the offending chemicals,” he said. “So we have no particular confidence that things are being run appropriately even now.”

McLaughlin said the town believes the use of water to extinguish test fires on the site is also continuing potential contamination.

“That volume of water, we believe, is flushing out more chemicals down into the water table and forcing them to make their way over to our well heads.”

The town is looking to stop all firefighting activity at the site until there are better controls and to find out if it can be done at all without effecting the water table.

McLaughlin said the town will be filing an injunction to stop training activities.

County Administrator Jack Yunits said the county is committed to cleaning the site.

“The real issue here isn’t the money,” Yunits said. “The issue here is how we are going to clean it and we will get it cleaned.”

Yunits said the county budget appropriated over $230,000 for cleanup efforts last fiscal year and budgeted the same amount for cleanup efforts this year.

“We’re doing everything we can to clean that site but it’s a complicated, very tedious, and expensive process but we are working on it every day,” Yunits said.

The county has 20 days to file a response to the town’s complaint.

Re: “Car drivers more equal than others,” letter, March 26.
Transit buses also travel on roads, park on roads and wear down roads (with greater axle weight).
Roads are subsidized for them, as well as cars.
The Victoria Transport Policy Institute, in its research paper Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs, states: “Transit subsidies average about 60 cents per passenger-mile, about 40 times larger than the approximately 1.5 cents per automobile passenger-mile roadway subsidies.” Also, it gives automobile and transit external costs per passenger-mile, which compare cars to transit buses for a myriad of factors such as operating subsidy, crash costs, external parking, congestion, road facilities, roadway land value, traffic services, air pollution, noise, resource externalities, barrier effect and water pollution.
Cars cost $0.202 per passenger mile, transit buses $0.336 per passenger-mile.
Also, of note is the car average occupancy figure of 1.42 is not single occupancy.
The key is occupancy.
Transit buses are great during rush hours in densely populated urban corridors, but not so great in urban off-peak hours and in rural areas.
Also, buses, generally, take a much more circuitous route to get one from point A to B.
Statistics Canada studies suggest that even in large urban centres such as Vancouver and Toronto, travel by transit can take nearly twice as long as by car.

Bill Brooks: Rivers, lakes and streams benefit from dinner and auction.
Unabated development over the years coupled with foolish policies (Montreal dumping tons of sewage into the St. Lawrence springs to mind), have put a strain on Canada’s freshwater ecosystems and their coldwater resources.
Thank goodness for organizations the likes of Trout Unlimited Canada.
Ironic indeed that it was a group of seven fly fishers from Montreal who formed Trout Unlimited in December 1972.
Toronto was the next city to join the cause.
Then Edmonton.
And today, TUC has chapters from coast to coast.
Auction items one would not normally see (think amazing artworks, a Bruce Springsteen autographed guitar and Riverview Plantation quail hunting, to name but a few) and the online auction of a 2001 BMW Z8 Roadster valued at a crisp $284,300 ensured the evening was a great success raising considerable coin for TUC.
The collector car, generously donated by Mel Benson, is up for grabs through an online auction that closes Apr 5 at 8 p.m. (visit https://elevateauctions.com/TUCbmw to place your bid).
Kudos to the 2017 dinner committee of Jack Fuller; John Majko, Kris Benson, Bill Brown, Tim Hamilton, Brian Mellor (TUC National board chair), Rafi Tahmazian, Fred Calverley, Bill Basarsky, Wade Brillon, Dave Byler, Chelsea Johnston and Glen Rumpel on the success of the event.