Climate Change And Its Effect On Indigenous People – Analysis.
[i] In Colombia, they live in La Guajira department.
La Guajira is home to the continent’s largest open-pit coal mine.
In the past, the course of the Aguas Blancas creek was changed by El Cerrejón for its own benefit.
[xii] In August 2016, the Supreme Court of Colombia ordered the opening of the Ranchería River and expressed its concern about the deaths of a number of children associated with the lack of water and malnutrition.
The community leaders are doing their best to help their people.
Without such water supply, many more indigenous people will die.
[i] “Indigenous Wayuu,” Off 2 Colombia, Accessed June 14, 2017, http://off2colombia.com/indigenous-wayuu.
[x] “The human right to water and sanitation,” United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Accessed June 14, 2017, http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml.
[xxi] “Climate Change Impacts in Latin America,” World Wildlife Fund, Accessed June 14, 2017, https://www.worldwildlife.org/climatico/climate-change-impacts-in-latin-america.

In Chauk Township, Magwe Division, all but one farmer DVB spoke to in April were unaware of the country’s unenviable podium finish on climate change vulnerability, but each individual confirmed that rising temperatures and changing weather patterns had acutely changed the nature of their livelihoods.
Once predictable rainfall patterns are a thing of the past for farmers in the region.
“The monsoon rain has reduced by as much as 30 percent during the last 30 years, therefore the water availability from the rain has reduced.
Often, these rains must sustain farming communities for the rest of the season.
So you have more rain in less days of rain,” Capizzi said.
“When I went to those villages, I found out that the people there are really short.
When I asked them why they are so short and why their skin is so dark, they confessed that their village was experiencing water shortages and that they had to travel three or four miles to get water and then carry them back to home,” Kyaw Thu added.
Government representatives warned attendees at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris that the country’s greenhouse gas emissions would increase in line with industry and infrastructure development.
The DMH data recorded an increase in annual mean temperatures almost nationwide, with particular spikes in major central cities Mandalay, Sagaing and Magwe.
Youth exodus Most farmers in the Dry Zone can trace their lineage on the arid land for generations.

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Banga Roriki is working with his nephew, Robin, who has been living in this house, on Majuro, one of the Marshall Islands, for 22 years.
CHIP FLETCHER: Sea level is rising in certain parts of the pacific faster than anywhere else in the world.
MIKE TAIBBI: What’s the biggest threat now to the Marshall Islands?
the family relies on rainwater catchment tanks for water — but those remain practically empty because of a relentless drought.
Getting fresh water has always been a preoccupation for the Marshall Islands.
The freshwater wells and underground aquifers are at risk of being fouled by salt water from frequent flooding some wells already spoiled because of high tides driven by rising sea level.
On Majuro, home to 27,000 residents, severe weather events put enormous pressure on the main water source — seven reservoirs that store rainwater collected from the airport’s runway.
MIKE TAIBBI: But deBrum says he’s confident coming improvements will one day provide all residents 24/7 water access, even during droughts.
MIKE TAIBBI: Do you use it to drink, or just cook with it?
Ferries throughout the day from Kwaj bring jugs of good, free and safe water from the base’s own state of the art desalination plant.

The Paris Agreement is a historic document, a true triumph of international cooperation and diplomacy.
Ondoy, a wake-up call The environmental field was not something I was considering of pursuing when I was in college.
It was my first glimpse of what climate change could do to my country, but more than that, it was a wake-up call that rang long and loud, demanding for something to be done.
A matter of survival The Philippines is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world.
Our strong typhoons are deadly manifestations of that vulnerability, but there are other climate change effects that have started to impact our country’s development, and will continue to as global temperatures increase: droughts and water scarcity will mean a decline in food productivity; sea level rise will bring about the dislocation of communities; and extreme weather events will exacerbate human health problems, as well as create new ones.
Climate change is a matter of survival for the Philippines, and the Paris Agreement is its lifeline.
Businesses are not only investing in renewable energy, but are divesting their assets from fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal.
In support of the Paris Agreement Aside from that, states and cities are actively defying Trump on the Paris Agreement.
This outpouring of support can only be good for a climate-vulnerable country like the Philippines.
So while the US exit from the Paris Agreement is disappointing, it does not doom climate action.

Here’s what the TRCA is doing to keep the damage at bay.
Zorah Freeman-McIntyre, the chef and owner of the Rectory Café, will be closing shop in October because of a huge plunge in business—down about 90 per cent from this time last year—because of the flood.
“Urbanization has to occur in a way that allows the ravines to fulfill their natural function,” says Rehana Rajabali, an engineer with Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) who specializes in flood-risk management.
Developments built before the 1980s (and before the region had effective stormwater management programs) have sewer systems designed for two– or five-year storms—weather events that have a 50 per cent and 20 per cent chance of happening, respectively, each year.
A lot of it goes into the storm sewer system which can flood people’s basements.” Unfortunately, it took a disaster to wake the region up to the importance of our river systems, and to our vulnerability to flooding.
“You have less water infiltrating [the earth], less water evaporating, and more water that runs off the landscape.
Still, there are 43 sites in and around Toronto deemed “flood vulnerable area clusters,” most of which are located in historic urban areas that predate floodplain-management plans and stormwater-management practices.
“For these existing flood vulnerable areas, we need to look at larger remediation solutions,” says Dhalla.
Now, Waterfront Toronto, in partnership with the TRCA, plans to restore the mouth of the Don to its more natural state, complete with recreation space, habitat creation for species, and, most critically, flood control measures.
Corktown Common, for instance, shows how well-designed green space can offer recreation space and conservation as well as rigorous flood protection to vulnerable parts of the city.

Combating soil pollution vital for addressing climate change.
Soil pollution refers to the presence of chemicals in soils that are either out of place or at higher-than-normal concentrations Excessive amount of nitrogen and trace metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury can impair plant metabolism and reduce crop productivity Around one-third of the world’s soils are degraded, due to unsustainable soil management practices Agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides and even antibiotics contained in animal manure are major potential pollutants Excess human activities leading to soil pollution took centre stage at the fifth Global Soil Partnership Plenary Assembly held at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) headquarters in Rome.
When they enter the food chain, these pollutants pose risk to food security, water resources, rural livelihoods and human health.
Combating soil degradation Around one-third of the world’s soils are degraded due to unsustainable soil management practices.
Tens of billions of tonnes of soil are lost to farming each year, which in some countries affects as much as one-fifth of all croplands.
Land degradation is also a major problem in India.
In nine states, around 40 to 70 per cent of land has undergone desertification.
Of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDG) and 169 targets, four contain targets related to soils and sustainable soil management.
Such contamination may be produced by mining and industrial activity or by sewer and waste mismanagement.
In some cases, pollutants are spread over large areas by wind and rain.

Should scientists pinpoint the places most likely to see faster than average warming or wetter winters, or should they combine expected physical changes with countries’ vulnerability?
The World Resources Institute concurred in 2015 that the Mediterranean basin was a climate hotspot when it placed 14 of the world’s 33 most water-stressed countries in 2040 in the Middle East and North Africa region.
“In the next 20 years we would expect five to 10 million people to have to move from the coastal areas,” says Saleemul Huq, director of the Bangladesh-based International Centre for Climate Change and Development.
It is a climate change phenomenon and not something we had before.” Huq leads research into how Bangladesh can adapt to climate change.
Long-term climate data in southern Africa is sparse, but studies backed by oral evidence from villagers confirm the region is a climate hotspot where droughts are becoming more frequent, rains less regular, food supplies less certain, and the dry spells and floods are lasting longer.
With more than 90% of Malawi and the region depending on rain-fed agriculture, it does not need scientists to tell people that the climate is changing.
The climate is changing.
Conversely, a study of 11 west African countries from the International Food Policy Research Institute expects some farmers to be able to grow more food as temperatures rise and rainfall increases.
The most city authorities can do is plant trees to cool the streets and protect the river banks from flooding.
“The challenge now is to rapidly adapt farming to climate change with modern varieties and feed a fast-growing global population, half of which depends on rice as a staple food.

Former Union environment minister Jairam Ramesh’s new book, Indira Gandhi: A Life In Nature, comes at a time of deepening environmental crisis, when we are faced with climate change, air and water pollution, species extinction and deforestation.
And Ramesh, And Ramesh, a member of the same political party, pens the narrative by stitching together Gandhi’s unpublished letters, speeches, articles, notes and memos.
He writes: “The idea is to have a biography which allows Indira Gandhi herself to do much of the talking.” Despite her commitment, environment protection was not an easy task.
The nation was in crisis—the economy was in the doldrums, inflation was in double digits, there was a shortage of foreign exchange, and industrial growth was stagnating.
Long before climate change became a hot topic, Gandhi raised the issue in an address to Parliament in 1975: “Honourable Members are very anxious to have paper mills and industries, and I am for them too….
But we must not denude our mountainside and our countryside of their forests.
This is having an adverse effect on our rainfall and climate.
The same goes for wildlife…the elimination of any species has a bad effect on the general ecological balance and thereby also affects the human species.” If a development project was seen to be harming forest ecosystems, she would voice her concern to chief ministers .
Gandhi is probably best remembered among conservationists for the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and for her leadership of Project Tiger, the premier conservation programme.
Indira Gandhi: A Life In Nature, by Jairam Ramesh, published by Simon & Schuster, 448 pages, Rs799.

Climate Change Altering Droughts, Impacts Across U.S.. As a major drought devastated the West and Midwest beginning in 2012, farmers racked up billions of dollars in crop losses and water managers grappled with possible water shortages for millions of people as reservoirs dried up in the heat.
“A huge chunk of the country is in drought (during that period) and other chunks are really wet.” Warmer temperatures over the past 30 years and more frequent regional dry spells since 1998 are changing the water cycle, posing challenges for urban and agricultural areas throughout the country.
2012 was a critical year for drought in the U.S. Several ongoing regional droughts “merged” to create a massive nationwide drought leaving more than 60 percent of the country suffering severe levels of drought or worse.
Research shows that when dry spells occur, climate change is likely to make them drier than they would otherwise be because warmer temperatures increase evaporation.
A Climate Central analysis shows that since 1949, 68 percent of weather stations between 2,000 feet and 5,000 feet in elevation in 42 states have seen a lower percentage of winter precipitation falling as snow.
Heim’s study shows that one of the unusual characteristics of the most recent drought compared to those in the 20th century is that, on a national scale, the drought’s driest seasons were in the winter and spring.
Cook said that the 2012 “merger” of regional droughts is unusual because different regions of the country typically see their wet and dry seasons at different times of year.
California, for example, receives nearly all its precipitation during the winter, while the Central Plains see their wettest months during spring and early summer.
“Most droughts are a bit quirky in their character, and all droughts impact a different society and economy than their predecessors making each drought and its lessons substantially unique,” Lund said.
“Still, it is very likely that higher temperatures will worsen the severity of droughts.” Comments [+] View our comment guidelines.