Threats to underground water contamination.
There is an increase in borehole drilling and digging of wells in urban areas, especially in new residential areas because of unavailability of reticulated water services.In addition, there are no sewer services in these areas, construction of septic tanks evades local authorities’ by laws.
Consequently, there is underground water contamination in some of the boreholes and wells.
In this regard, it is important for every household to know the quality of water they are drinking and using, to avoid adverse health effects.
This is forcing people to construct their own septic tanks, latrines, boreholes and deep wells.
The main form of contamination by septic tanks and latrines is of bacterial nature e.g. faecal coliform.
Sewage bursts Sewage pipe bursts are a threat to underground water quality.
In Harare, most of the sprouting new residential areas are built on wetlands and these wetlands have been purifying water for years.
In some cases the geological environment is linked to chronic diseases such as renal failure due to the presence of lethal doses of metals.
Examples of different water qualities caused by geological rock structure are: hardness of water, high salinity, high fluoride levels which causes rusty teeth, high levels of metals.

Babylon defines acceptable fill for construction use.
Town of Babylon officials have defined what deposited fill may contain in an effort to prevent the use of contaminated or improper materials.
The move was initiated by Deputy Supervisor Tony Martinez, who grew concerned about the quality of fill being used on the South Shore during superstorm Sandy recovery efforts.
With so many houses being elevated at the same time, contractors started using large amounts of fill, said town chief environment analyst Rich Groh.
“There’s fill that had concrete and brick and even tires mixed in, and that’s not acceptable,” Groh said.
Martinez tasked Groh with developing a policy for the town to define what fill is and what it should contain.
The definition of acceptable fill applies to materials used at private residential, commercial and industrial sites within the town, according to the policy.
Residents can ask the town to inspect fill and the town can ask that it be moved to an off-site location that meets state Department of Environmental Conservation requirements.
“This gives us the ability to regulate material,” Groh said.
“We’re cognizant of those situations and we certainly don’t want to see anything like that happen,” he said.

World Environment Day: India’s water crisis is dirty, damaging.
1/8 Contaminated with sewage and other industrial waste, more than half of India’s rivers are polluted and pose a threat to quality of water and aquatic life .
Being the second most populous nation in the world, roughly half of the country’s population still practices open defecation and eighty percent of sewage flows untreated directly into the rivers, polluting the main sources of drinking water.
With high levels of contamination in the water bodies, many cities in India are likely to face a serious shortage of clean water in the years to come.
With World Environment day being celebrated across the globe, highlighting and creating awareness regarding environmental issues is a must on a global level.
(REUTERS) Contaminated with sewage and other industrial waste, more than half of India’s rivers are polluted and pose a threat to quality of water and aquatic life .
Being the second most populous nation in the world, roughly half of the country’s population still practices open defecation and eighty percent of sewage flows untreated directly into the rivers, polluting the main sources of drinking water.
With high levels of contamination in the water bodies, many cities in India are likely to face a serious shortage of clean water in the years to come.
With World Environment day being celebrated across the globe, highlighting and creating awareness regarding environmental issues is a must on a global level.

Stormwater retention ponds may not protect surface waters from road salt contamination.
Stormwater management practices are designed to intercept water runoff from roads and parking lots before pollutants reach surface waters.
Detaining runoff in retention ponds can reduce flooding, increase the amount of water that is absorbed into the ground, and allow pollutants to bind to sediments in the ponds or be absorbed by algae and plants instead of traveling to streams and wetlands where they may harm wildlife and human health.
The research team recently completed a study, published in Environmental Science and Technology, to determine how well current stormwater management practices mitigate the effects of road salts and how those salts might be impacting both the surface waters in streams and ponds, and the groundwater that many citizens using well systems rely on daily.
If the stormwater ponds were working effectively, Snodgrass explained, he and his team could test the groundwater between the ponds and streams and expect to find very little sodium chloride because it would have been retained in the ponds.
The researchers discovered that routing runoff contaminated with road salts to stormwater ponds actually resulted in plumes of highly contaminated groundwater moving from the ponds to streams.
If salt levels continue to increase in freshwater areas, many fish and amphibians will stop breeding and eventually die because their bodies cannot adjust to the change.
"Some counties are already reimbursing people for the costs associated with replacing contaminated water wells," he added.
Snodgrass and his team plan to continue researching how road salts and other chemicals affect wildlife and the environment, while other researchers are exploring the effectiveness of alternatives to road salts and their potential effects on the environment and human health.
"It’s a balance sheet we’re looking at between economics and the environment and human health," Snodgrass said.

Bengaluru’s shame: Bommanahalli most polluted.
Bengaluru: The Bommanahalli Industrial area in city is one of most polluted places in the country, according to a study commissioned by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Bommasandra and Jigani industrial areas in East Bengaluru are also among the most polluted areas in the city.
There are a number of stone cutting and polishing units, which spew stone dust and stone waste is dumped in vacant lands.
According to the study Karnataka with 24 contaminated sites stood fourth in the country, behind Odisha (31), West Bengal (36) and Uttar Pradesh (41).
There are 320 contaminated sites in the country.
The report, funded by the World Bank, is prepared by a consortium consisting of consulting group COWI as lead partner in association with voluntary organization KADAM, with engineering firms Witteveen+Bos and Tauw as sub-consultants.
The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) has confirmed the nine of the 24 sites were contaminated, and is examining the remaining 15.
As for Bommasandra Industrial Area, KSPCB officials admitted that there was contamination of electroplating waste, with stone polishing slurry, but was only one per cent.
KSPCB said the waste would be dried and sent to TSDF (Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility) in Bengaluru.

A government agency has contradicted claims made by environmentalists for the seventh time and found hydraulic fracturing doesn’t pose a grave threat to drinking water. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published a study Wednesday that examined 116 water wells across the energy-rich regions of Arkansas, Texas and Louisiana. The study found nine examples of water contamination in the wells, but every case was either naturally occurring or not linked to fracking. “Another day, another study confirming fracking is not a major risk to groundwater,” Steve Everley, a spokesman for Texans for Natural Gas, told The Daily Caller News Foundation. “This report comes less than a year after the U.S. EPA’s landmark study that also found no evidence of widespread water pollution from fracking,” Everley said. “It’s time to put to rest the…

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NGT Issues Notice To Yogi Government Over Groundwater Water Contamination Forcing Children To Drink Unhygienic Water.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has sent a notice to UP Pollution Control Board and District Magistrate of Sambhal condemning the high levels of groundwater pollution in the region, forcing children to drink unhygienic water.
The notice was sent citing an earlier plea by retired scientist Dr Chandra Vir Singh, which highlighted the concerns over drinking water of being heavily contaminated.
The NGT has asked them to file their response before the next date of hearing on the issue.
The environment regulatory board has also claimed that children in the region are forced to drink heavily contaminated groundwater, causing severe health issues.
The NGT had earlier issued notices to the state Jal Nigam, asking why penalties should not be imposed on them for their incapability to provide clean drinking water in Ghaziabad, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Shamli, Baghpat and Saharanpur districts.
It also took cognisance of the fact that people were forced to drink polluted water due to inaction by the Uttar Pradesh government in resolving the issue.
In view of the procrastination, the green tribunal also summoned the district magistrates and chief medical officers of Bhagpat, and the managing director and chief engineer of UP Jal Nigam.
This is not the first time that the NGT has pulled up the state government, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam and the UP Pollution Control Board for putting the lives of innocent children – residing in these villages – at risk.

How to avoid drinking contaminated water after a hurricane.
When a hurricane crashes onto shore with destructive winds and deadly storm surge, its threat to clean water supply is a major concern.
Consuming contaminated water can lead to serious health problems, including gastrointestinal illness and reproductive issues, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Lack of pressure in the water system increases the likelihood of dirty storm water leaking into the lines, he said.
In the two months following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the EPA found no occurrences of waterborne illnesses or diseases resulting from contaminated drinking water in some states, including Mississippi.
In the weeks after the hurricane, lack of clean drinking water led to a cholera outbreak, according to the Associated Press.
“If people do actually have water pressure out of their sinks, they’re told to make sure to boil that water before consuming it,” Trygar said.
Consumers should avoid all contact with the water supply if a Do Not Use notice is issued, as boiling will not destroy all contaminants, according to the Water Quality Research Foundation.
For drinking and personal hygiene, FEMA recommends storing at least three days’ worth of water per person in a cool, dark place.
Flooded wells should be tested and disinfected after the water levels go down, according to the FDA.

How to avoid drinking contaminated water after a hurricane.
When a hurricane crashes onto shore with destructive winds and deadly storm surge, its threat to clean water supply is a major concern.
Consuming contaminated water can lead to serious health problems, including gastrointestinal illness and reproductive issues, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Lack of pressure in the water system increases the likelihood of dirty storm water leaking into the lines, he said.
In the two months following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the EPA found no occurrences of waterborne illnesses or diseases resulting from contaminated drinking water in some states, including Mississippi.
In the weeks after the hurricane, lack of clean drinking water led to a cholera outbreak, according to the Associated Press.
“If people do actually have water pressure out of their sinks, they’re told to make sure to boil that water before consuming it,” Trygar said.
Consumers should avoid all contact with the water supply if a Do Not Use notice is issued, as boiling will not destroy all contaminants, according to the Water Quality Research Foundation.
For drinking and personal hygiene, FEMA recommends storing at least three days’ worth of water per person in a cool, dark place.
Flooded wells should be tested and disinfected after the water levels go down, according to the FDA.