Today’s “crisis in water and sanitation is—above all—a crisis of the poor,” says the UN Development Program study: “Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Water Crisis.” “No intervention has greater overall impact upon national development and public health than the provision of safe drinking water and proper disposal of human waste,” a report stated.
There are two ways malunggay seeds can treat water.
“Treatments with moringa solutions have been found to remove 90 [percent] to 99.9 percent of the impurities in water.” In general, one malunggay seed kernel can treat 1 liter of water.
Here’s how to use malunggay seeds in treating water.
Shell the seeds (remove the seed coat) to obtain clean seed kernels; discard discolored seeds.
Mix the paste and once cup of clean water into a bottle and shake for one minute to activate the coagulant properties and form a solution.
When the particles and contaminants have settled to the bottom, the clean water can be carefully poured off.
Let it cool for few more minutes before drinking the water.
“First, the process of shaking and stirring must be followed closely to activate the coagulant properties; if the flocculation process takes too long, there is a risk of secondary bacteria growth during flocculation,” the Echo says.
It is acceptable for drinking only where people are currently drinking untreated, contaminated water.” Meanwhile, election is fast approaching.

TOPEKA, Kan. — Kansas Gov.
Jeff Colyer has declared a drought emergency, warning or watch across the entire state.
Colyer signed an executive order Tuesday following several weeks of abnormally dry conditions in all 105 counties.
He declared an emergency for 28 southern Kansas counties and a warning for 29 other counties in central and southern Kansas.
The remaining 48 counties are under a drought watch.
See the full county breakdown here: Drought Emergency: Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Ford, Grant, Gray, Hamilton, Harper, Haskell, Hodgeman, Kearny, Kingman, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Pawnee, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Seward, Stafford, Stanton, Stevens, Sumner Drought Warning: Allen, Butler, Chautauqua, Chase, Cowley, Dickinson, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Greeley, Greenwood, Harvey, Lane, Lincoln, Marion, McPherson, Montgomery, Morris, Neosho, Ness, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Trego, Wallace, Wichita, Wilson, Woodson Drought Watch: Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Clay, Cloud, Coffey, Crawford, Decatur, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Geary, Gove, Graham, Jackson, Jefferson, Jewell, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Miami, Mitchell, Nemaha, Norton, Osage, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Pottawatomie, Rawlins, Republic, Riley, Rooks, Shawnee, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Washington, Wyandotte The order directs state agencies to combat drought conditions.
It also opens up land in the federal Conservation Reserve Program for cattle grazing and temporarily lifts height and weight restrictions on trucks for easier shipping of hay into drought-stricken areas.
Colyer said the state must act because conditions are not expected to improve and “we need to get ahead of this as early as possible.”

Governor Jeff Colyer recently issued Drought Declarations for Kansas counties with Executive Order 18-11 at a press conference with Secretary of Agriculture Jackie McClaskey and Kansas Water Office Director Tracy Streeter.
The declaration includes all 105 counties either in an emergency, warning or watch status.
“The entire state of Kansas has been considered in drought or abnormally dry conditions for the past several weeks,” said Governor Colyer.
“This has led to an extremely high risk of fire hazards and many have already occurred.” The drought declaration placed 28 counties in emergency status, 29 into a warning status and 48 into a watch status.
Over the past six months the state-wide average precipitation was only 66 percent of normal and in January and February the state-wide average precipitation was even less, at 43 percent of normal.
“While wildfires are the most urgent concern at this point, water supplies can be dramatically impacted in a very short period of time, especially as we start to enter into spring and summer months,” said Streeter.
“The Governor’s Drought Response Team will continue to monitor the situation closely as future outlooks call for drought persisting and make recommendations to the governor as necessary.” McClaskey remarked on the potential impact the drought could have on Kansas agriculture, saying “The Kansas Department of Agriculture is committed to serving Kansas farmers and ranchers, especially during challenging times like the current drought.
Drought Emergency: Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Ford, Grant, Gray, Hamilton, Harper, Haskell, Hodgeman, Kearny, Kingman, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Pawnee, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Seward, Stafford, Stanton, Stevens and Sumner.
Drought Warning: Allen, Butler, Chautauqua, Chase, Cowley, Dickinson, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Greeley, Greenwood, Harvey, Lane, Lincoln, Marion, McPherson, Montgomery, Morris, Neosho, Ness, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Trego, Wallace, Wichita, Wilson and Woodson.
Drought Watch: Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Clay, Cloud, Coffey, Crawford, Decatur, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Geary, Gove, Graham, Jackson, Jefferson, Jewell, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Miami, Mitchell, Nemaha, Norton, Osage, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Pottawatomie, Rawlins, Republic, Riley, Rooks, Shawnee, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Washington and Wyandotte.

TOPEKA, Kan – Kansas governor Jeff Colyer has issued declarations for all 105 counties with the continuing drought conditions.
One declaration places 28 counties in emergency status, with 29 in a warning status and 48 counties under a drought watch.
County Drought Stage Declarations: Drought Emergency: Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Ford, Grant, Gray, Hamilton, Harper, Haskell, Hodgeman, Kearny, Kingman, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Pawnee, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Seward, Stafford, Stanton, Stevens, Sumner Drought Warning: Allen, Butler, Chautauqua, Chase, Cowley, Dickinson, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Greeley, Greenwood, Harvey, Lane, Lincoln, Marion, McPherson, Montgomery, Morris, Neosho, Ness, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Trego, Wallace, Wichita, Wilson, Woodson Drought Watch: Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Clay, Cloud, Coffey, Crawford, Decatur, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Geary, Gove, Graham, Jackson, Jefferson, Jewell, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Miami, Mitchell, Nemaha, Norton, Osage, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Pottawatomie, Rawlins, Republic, Riley, Rooks, Shawnee, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Washington, Wyandotte The governor said the entire state has been involved in drought or abnormally dry conditions for the past several weeks, and that has created an extremely high risk of fire hazards.
Kansas Water Office director Tracy Streeter said the governor’s drought response team will be watching the situation closely and it will make recommendations to the governor for dealing with the conditions.
Counties in an emergency stage are eligible for emergency use of water from certain state fishing lakes under an agreement with the state Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism.
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On Tuesday Governor Jeff Colyer, issued Drought Declarations for Kansas counties with Executive Order 18-11 at a press conference with Secretary of Agriculture Jackie McClaskey and Kansas Water Office Director Tracy Streeter.
The declaration includes all 105 counties either in an emergency, warning or watch status.
“This has led to an extremely high risk of fire hazards and many have already occurred.” The drought declaration placed 28 counties in emergency status, 29 into a warning status and 48 into a watch status.
Over the past six months the state-wide average precipitation was only 66 percent of normal and in January and February the state-wide average precipitation was even less, at 43 percent of normal.
“While wildfires are the most urgent concern at this point, water supplies can be dramatically impacted in a very short period of time, especially as we start to enter into spring and summer months,” said Streeter.
“The Governor’s Drought Response Team will continue to monitor the situation closely as future outlooks call for drought persisting and make recommendations to the Governor as necessary.” McClaskey, who was also present at the press conference, remarked on the potential impact the drought could have on Kansas agriculture, saying, “The Kansas Department of Agriculture is committed to serving Kansas farmers and ranchers, especially during challenging times like the current drought.
County Drought Stage Declarations by county were: Drought Emergency: Ford, Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Grant, Gray, Hamilton, Harper, Haskell, Hodgeman, Kearny, Kingman, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Pawnee, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Seward, Stafford, Stanton, Stevens and Sumner.
Drought Warning: Allen, Butler, Chautauqua, Chase, Cowley, Dickinson, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Greeley, Greenwood, Harvey, Lane, Lincoln, Marion, McPherson, Montgomery, Morris, Neosho, Ness, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Trego, Wallace, Wichita, Wilson and Woodson.
Drought Watch: Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Clay, Cloud, Coffey, Crawford, Decatur, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Geary, Gove, Graham, Jackson, Jefferson, Jewell, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Miami, Mitchell, Nemaha, Norton, Osage, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Pottawatomie, Rawlins, Republic, Riley, Rooks, Shawnee, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Washington and Wyandotte.
For more detailed information about current conditions, see the Kansas Climate Summary and Drought Report on the Kansas Water Office website at www.kwo.ks.gov.

TOPEKA, Kan. (KSNW) – Governor Jeff Colyer, MD issued Drought declarations for Kansas counties at a press conference on Tuesday.
Secretary of Agriculture Jackie McClaskey and Kansas Water Office Director Tracy Streeter were also in attendence.
The declaration includes all 105 counties either in an emergency, warning or watch status.
“The entire State of Kansas has been considered in drought or abnormally dry conditions for the past several weeks,” said Governor Colyer.
“This has led to an extremely high risk of fire hazards and many have already occurred.” The drought declaration placed 28 counties in emergency status, 29 into a warning status and 48 into a watch status.
Over the past six months the state-wide average precipitation was only 66 percent of normal and in January and February the state-wide average precipitation was even less, at 43 percent of normal.
Counties who are in emergency stage are eligible for emergency use of water from certain state fishing lakes due to the Kansas Water Office Memorandum of Understanding with the Kansas Department of Wildlife Parks and Tourism.
Drought Emergency: Barber, Barton, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Finney, Ford, Grant, Gray, Hamilton, Harper, Haskell, Hodgeman, Kearny, Kingman, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Pawnee, Pratt, Reno, Rice, Sedgwick, Seward, Stafford, Stanton, Stevens, Sumner Drought Warning: Allen, Butler, Chautauqua, Chase, Cowley, Dickinson, Elk, Ellis, Ellsworth, Greeley, Greenwood, Harvey, Lane, Lincoln, Marion, McPherson, Montgomery, Morris, Neosho, Ness, Rush, Russell, Saline, Scott, Trego, Wallace, Wichita, Wilson, Woodson Drought Watch: Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Brown, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Clay, Cloud, Coffey, Crawford, Decatur, Doniphan, Douglas, Franklin, Geary, Gove, Graham, Jackson, Jefferson, Jewell, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Linn, Logan, Lyon, Marshall, Miami, Mitchell, Nemaha, Norton, Osage, Osborne, Ottawa, Phillips, Pottawatomie, Rawlins, Republic, Riley, Rooks, Shawnee, Sheridan, Sherman, Smith, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Washington, Wyandotte

The agency cited the restoration of the commercial food and water supply chain and the availability of private suppliers.
Hector Pesquera, Puerto Rico’s state coordinating officer, said in a statement: "The government of Puerto Rico is waiting for critical data provided by FEMA in order to determine when the responsibilities should be transferred from FEMA to the government of Puerto Rico, as part of the transition from the response phase to the recovery phase.
Alejandro De La Campa, FEMA’s director in Puerto Rico, told NPR that helping to jumpstart the island’s economy is a part of the long-term recovery efforts.
"It is affecting the economy of Puerto Rico.
So we need to create a balance.
Ninety-six percent of the island has access to drinking water, according to the government of Puerto Rico, though a boil water advisory remains in effect.
"Interesting FEMA says the PR Gov has a $1.2 million reimbursement for San Juan and PR’s OMB says hey have nothing.
‘Mission accomplished’?"
FEMA has distributed more than 65 million liters of bottled water and more than 58 million meals to regional staging areas for distribution to local communities since Hurricane Maria’s landfall.
Despite the shift from emergency operations, aid remains in Puerto Rico.

Residents will be allowed 25 liters (6.6 gallons) per person per day at 200 collection points.
When reservoirs fall to a certain level, city leaders will do what was, until recently, unthinkable: cut water service and set up 200 distribution points around the city where residents can collect 25 liters (6.6 gallons) per person per day.
“With the drastic reduction in consumption that will be seen once taps are turned off and collection points are activated, the last reserves are expected to stretch far enough to see us through to the rainy season,” the plan states.
One hundred forty-nine of the 200 sites have been confirmed, and city officials say they will publish maps in the coming weeks with locations.
How will elderly or disabled people get access?
Water will be shut off to most homes and businesses when water stored in the city’s six main reservoirs drops below 13.5 percent of capacity, the day known as Day Zero.
“It is avoidable if we just do the little each one of us is expected to do.” Mokonyane also pointed out that many Cape Town residents are still using more water than the official target of 87 liters (23 gallons) per day.
Households in Cape Town that consistently use more water than the target can be forced to use less.
According to local news reports, Cape Town is installing some 2,000 devices per week that restrict the flow of water into a home.
Contact Brett Walton

UPDATE – The Montecito Water District is distributing emergency bottled water at the following locations until 8 p.m. on Thursday, Jan. 11: Upper Village Shopping Center, E. Valley Road and San Ysidro Road Montecito Fire Station, Cold Spring and Sycamore Canyon Road Summerland Post Office, 2245 Lillie Avenue (starting at 1:30 p.m.) The deadly mudslides have ripped houses from their foundations, crumpled cars and destroyed neighborhoods.
The California Conservation Corps is handing out cases of water to Montecito residents who are unable to get clean water from their faucets.
"We’re passing out free water to anyone that needs it," said one CCC member.
Water deliveries have been cut off or reduced from primary suppliers like Jameson Lake and South Coast conduit because of main breaks.
"We have no water currently in storage," said Montecito Water District general manager Nick Turner.
"We do have customers without water.
This is primarily in the upper Toro Canyon area."
Customers who do have water don’t have much of it.
Montecito is currently under a boil water notice until water managers can make necessary repairs.
Officials say it could be days or possibly a week before Montecito Water District can get its water facilities up and running again.

Emergency pumping into Lake Okeechobee has ended, lessening South Florida flooding risks but creating a water pollution threat that could eventually spread to coastal waters. Concerns about rising waters in western Broward and Miami-Dade counties last month triggered emergency pumping south into Everglades National Park as well as north into Lake Okeechobee. The draining to the south continues, while water levels have dropped enough to stop the pumping into Lake Okeechobee, according to the South Florida Water Management District. About 9.4 billion gallons of potentially polluted water was pumped from a reservoir in southwestern Palm Beach County into Lake Okeechobee from June 24 through Wednesday. That’s enough water to fill more than 14,000 Olympic-size swimming pools, or meet Fort Lauderdale’s public water supply needs for more than six months. While the emergency pumping helped reduce rising Everglades waters in western Broward and Miami-Dade counties, it also risked sending fertilizers and other pollutants that wash off South Florida land into the lake. “We know a lot of stuff has gone into the lake … a lot of stuff we…