Research reveals over half of the world’s groundwater flows could take over 100 years to respond fully to climate change Future generations could be faced with an environmental ‘time bomb’ if climate change is to have a significant effect on the world’s essential groundwater reserves.
In a new paper published in the journal Nature Climate Change, the research team have shown that in more than half of the world’s groundwater systems, it could take over 100 years for groundwater systems to completely respond to current environmental change.
Groundwater found underground in the cracks and pore spaces in soil, sand and rock, is the largest source of usable freshwater in the world and is relied on by more than two billion people as a source of drinking and irrigation water.
Groundwater resources are replenished predominantly through rainfall in a process known as recharge.
If there is a change in recharge, for example, due to a reduction in rainfall as a result of climate change, the levels of water in the ground will begin to change until a new balance is achieved.
Lead author of the research, Dr Mark Cuthbert, from Cardiff University’s School of Earth and Ocean Sciences and Water Research Institute, said: “Our research shows that groundwater systems take a lot longer to respond to climate change than surface water, with only half of the world’s groundwater flows responding fully within ‘human’ timescales of 100 years.
“This means that in many parts of the world, changes in groundwater flows due to climate change could have a very long legacy.
This could be described as an environmental time bomb because any climate change impacts on recharge occurring now, will only fully impact the baseflow to rivers and wetlands a long time later.
They discovered that, in general, groundwater in wetter, more humid locations may respond to climate change on much shorter timescales, whereas more arid locations where water is more scarce naturally have much longer groundwater response times.
The pinpointing of locations is significant as for many parts of the world, especially where surface water supplies are less available, the domestic, agricultural, and industrial water needs can only be met by using the water beneath the ground.

RAPID CITY, SD — Dan Soeder, director of the Energy Resources Initiative at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, has co-authored the cover article titled “When oil and water mix: Understanding the environmental impacts of shale development,” in the September 2018 issue of GSA Today, a magazine published by the Geological Society of America.
The article explores what is known and not known about the environmental risks of fracking with the intent of fostering informed discussions within the geoscience community on the topic of hydraulic fracturing, says Soeder.
Soeder’s co-author is Douglas B. Kent of the United States Geological Survey.
In this paper, Soeder and Kent bridge the gap in consensus regarding fracking, providing current information about the environmental impacts of shale development.
The article is open access and adheres to science and policy, presenting a complicated and controversial topic in a manner more easily understood by the lay person.
"Geoscientists from dinosaur experts to the people studying the surface of Mars are often asked by the public to weigh-in with their opinions on fracking.
A great deal has been learned in the past decade, but there are still critical unknowns where we don’t yet have answers," Soeder says.
Bringing together experts in regional energy issues, Soeder and ERI will also host the New Horizons Energy Conference Oct. 25-26, at the Surbeck Center on the campus of Mines.
The first day of the New Horizons Energy Conference includes a full day of technical presentations and student posters, a panel discussion on energy policy followed by a reception at Paleontology Research Laboratory at SD Mines.
A short course from the Petroleum Technology Transfer Council will also be offered.

Representing Pakistan was the ruling Muslim League N’s favourite anti opposition vitriol machine and Federal Minister for Climate Change, Senator Mushahidullah Khan.
This comes at a time when Pakistan ranks seventh on the list of countries most vulnerable to the consequences of climate change.
The significance of the climate change portfolio can be accessed from the earlier sacking of Senator Mushahidullah.
Such was the importance accorded to the ministry by the then ruling Muslim League, that it was sacrificed to appease Rawalpindi.
DW calls water scarcity a bigger threat to Pakistan than terrorism with experts at the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources predicting that the country is expected to dry up by 2025.
One of the most water intensive countries in the world, there is an increasing trend of blaming neighbouring India for her water woes, with terms such as “water terrorism” hot on the nation’s airwaves.
It also passed the Environmental Protection Act of 2014 and has a robust environmental policy in its manifesto.
Recently notified as the PM’s advisor on Climate Change, Aslam has a wealth of experience in environmental issues.
Regardless, Aslam stuck with his party and was awarded with a cabinet position.
His interests include cricket, South Asian politics and political Islam Published in Daily Times, August 28th 2018.

Robert Wilson is passionate about the environment.
That enthusiasm has translated into a major award for environmental leadership.
Wilson, the environmental services supervisor for the city of Petaluma, was chosen as an Emerging Leader by the California Water Environment Association for his outstanding dedication to the community and environmental sustainability.
Wilson received a call this year explaining his name had been shelved and he had been chosen for the 2018 award.
“He has such positive energy and enthusiasm that he transmits to his staff and really promotes positive relationships with people.” As the environmental services supervisor, Wilson is responsible for wastewater discharge, storm water, air quality and biosolids, water conservation, pollution prevention, recycled wastewater and pretreatment.
“It is a great career and I am happy to go to work every day.” Wilson is a respected figure within the environmental profession and is the former chair and current member of the Bay Area Pollution Prevention Group, a subcommittee organized under the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies.
The BAPPG is passionate about finding ways to engage with the community in a positive way to enact change.
Wilson and his dedicated team of eight work on programs like the Water-Wise House Call program which is run through the Public Utilities Department.
They also invite homeowners to take advantage of their Mulch Madness program, which sends technicians to replace mulch and provide cardboard, compost and an irrigation conversion kit.
“It would be equally impossible for me to accomplish what I do without the support I receive from the people I report to.”

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At least two Palestinians were killed and several others injured.
At the height of the protests and shootings on the border of the Gaza Strip earlier this year, when Israeli forces killed more than 100 Palestinian protesters and left thousands of others injured, a senior member of the Israeli army wrote a letter to the head of the World Health Organization (WHO).
A perpetual crisis In July 2017 the UN published a detailed report on Gaza and its environment.
"On the ground, life for the average Palestinian in Gaza is getting more and more wretched," said the report.
The report projected that water resources in the aquifer will be completely exhausted by the end of 2018.
According to the UN, in 2017 blackouts for the majority of householders in the territory were lasting up to 20 hours a day.
Sewage discharged into the sea is moved northwards by winds and currents.
Last year a desalination plant in the south of the Gaza Strip became operational, supplying 75,000 people in Khan Younis and Rafah with drinking water.
After more than 10 years of delays caused by war and the blockade, the North Gaza Emergency Sewage Treatment plant, which will cater for the sanitation needs of more than 400,000 people, finally started preliminary operations earlier this year.
The US$75m project, funded by the World Bank, the EU and a number of other donor countries, still faces considerable difficulties, particularly over its power supply.

I could be called a tree-hugging hippie.
I’ve been this way for a long time.
The March 2000 film, Erin Brockovich, tells the story of how a small law firm took down Pacific Gas & Electric over their knowingly dumping toxic wastewater into people’s water supply and thereby causing a host of health problems including a variety of cancers.
And this story is not an isolated incident, either.
Again and again and again, I have seen the Republican Party, long before our current president took office, enact legislation that allows a select few to reap billions for their own profit at the expense of the American people, all in the name of ‘supporting businesses.’ I’ve seen it with global warming, and I see it in a more recently study linking diabetes to air pollution.
Because apparently, having a rule that says if you make a mess, you need to clean it up costs rich people too much money.
This is the hypocrisy of the Republican Party; it’s been their mantra for decades, long before Trump.
Because time and time again, I see Republican candidates talk the same mess about relaxing environmental regulations to make it easier for 1%ers to rake in obscene amounts of cash while the rest of us end up footing the bill for the mess they leave behind.
Because after decades of seeing our rights to clean air and water being eroded by those in power and doing nothing about it, liberals are finally waking up to the reality of what we’re living with, what we’ve been living with, to the poison that is the Republican party, that has been the Republican party since the 1990s.
This is not an ‘agree to disagree’ issue.

Armenian Environmental Front activists and concerned citizens marched on the site of the Amulsar Gold Mine situated 175 miles south of Yerevan on the border between the provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik.
They were there to oppose plans by Lydian International Ltd. to start production in the third quarter of this year.
The activists also wanted to inform local residents about the health and environmetal risks posed by the mine, which is expected to produce 225,000 gold ounces annually over ten years.
Armenian Environmental Front Coordinator Levon Galstyan said that the exploitation of Amulsar mine is a serious threat, since it would result in pollution and the loss of land and water, which would be fatal not only for Vayots Dzor and northern Syunik, but for all of Armenia and the wider region.
Water pollution can last 200-300 years.
To prevent this, mine operators have to spend much more money than the profit to be received from working the mine.
Activists seek to raise the awareness of local residents about the dangers of the gold-mining project and the ongoing resistance to prevent Amulsar from operating.

A local activist who helped to expose the water crisis in Flint, Mich., has won a top environmental prize for her efforts.
LeeAnne Walters is one of the winners of the 2018 Goldman Environmental Prize, the organizers of the award announced on Monday.
“LeeAnne Walters led a citizens’ movement that tested the tap water in Flint, Michigan, and exposed the Flint water crisis, compelling the local, state, and federal governments to take action to ensure access to clean drinking water,” the press release stated.
Walters was one of the first people to demand action in 2014 from local officials after discovering a rash on her twins following the city’s switch to a new water source.
Soon Walters and all four of her children began experiencing health issues.
The city then found toxic amounts of lead in the water, and Walters began researching the impact of lead exposure, according to a press release.
Despite city officials saying that Walters was an isolated case, she created a local campaign to warn residents of the risk of contaminated water.
She also began collecting water samples and, with the help of a Virginia Tech professor, began testing the samples.
Soon afterward Gov.
Rick Snyder (R) announced that Flint would stop using the Flint River as a drinking water source.

Warriors for Clean Water claims Decatur’s water is contaminated with heavy metals and can cause kidney failure.
Decatur Utilities calls the claims unwarranted and unsubstantiated.
Here’s what Decatur Utilities wrote in a letter it sent to WAAY 31: “Decatur Utilities assures customers that its drinking water is safe Decatur Utilities monitored a press conference held today by Ron Mixon of Warriors for Clean Water and Dr. John Rose, DO (Doctor of Osteopathy).
The Decatur Utilities service area was lumped into a region referenced in a study alleging a link between levels of heavy metals in local drinking water and instances of kidney failure.
Decatur Utilities provides its customers with safe, clean drinking water that exceeds state and federal quality standards.
Contrary to the claim made by Mr. Mixon, DU’s water treatment process is multi-staged and includes screening, chemical addition, settling, filtration, and disinfection.
Decatur Utilities performs more than one million tests in-house and at third-party independent laboratories each year to monitor the level of contaminants in the drinking water provided.
Levels of other contaminants are well below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM).
In August, Decatur Utilities received notification from the EPA that its Water Treatment Plant (WTP) had surpassed state and federal regulatory treatment standards for water quality for the fourth straight year (2013-2016).
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