Countries are progressing too slowly on green growth, says OECD.
No country is performing well on all green growth dimensions and most of the countries studied are yet to fully disconnect economic growth from fossil fuel use Most countries show progress on just one or two fronts and little on the others Less than one in three OECD countries meet WHO air quality guidelines for fine particulate matter and pollution levels are high and rising in China and India.
Denmark, Estonia, the United Kingdom, Italy and the Slovak Republic have made the most progress on green growth since 2000 Many countries have become more efficient in using natural resources and the services provided by the environment, generating more economic output per unit of carbon emitted and of energy or raw materials consumed.
Yet progress is too slow, and if emissions embodied in international trade are included, advances in environmental productivity are more modest, a new OECD report shows.
Green Growth Indicators 2017 uses a range of indicators covering everything from land use to CO2 productivity and innovation to show where 46 countries rank on balancing economic growth with environmental pressures over 1990 to 2015.
The report shows that no country is performing well on all green growth dimensions and most of the countries studied are yet to fully disconnect economic growth from fossil fuel use and pollutant emissions.
Switzerland and Sweden showed the highest level of carbon productivity, while the Slovak Republic, Latvia and Poland all reduced CO2 emissions as GDP rose.
Buildings cover 30% more land now than in 1990.
Globally, an area the size of the UK has been converted to buildings since 1990.
About 90% of green technologies originate in OECD countries, but the contributions of China and India are rising fast.

The demand made by the Goa State Pollution Control Board of mining companies, of a bank guarantee assuring ‘No Pollution’ without which the board will not grant them Consent to Operate under the Air and Water Pollution Acts has not found favour with a majority of the companies.
The demand made by the Goa State Pollution Control Board of mining companies, of a bank guarantee assuring ‘No Pollution’ without which the board will not grant them Consent to Operate under the Air and Water Pollution Acts has not found favour with a majority of the companies.
The iron ore mining companies in the State have expressed reservations on the demand of a bank guarantee and have sought that the board use other means to ensure a pollution-free environment.
The Pollution Control Board on the other hand defends its demand for a bank guarantee stating that the guarantee given to the Indian Bureau of Mines is forfeited in the event of any violation of conditions of the mining plan by the firms and here environment protection measures is also a condition, but not the main, whereas the bank guarantee sought by the Board is strictly in respect of implementing pollution control measures It is pertinent to go back a few weeks in time to recall the reasons why the decision to demand a bank guarantee was taken.
The board was clear that in the case of Sonshi the defaulters were the mining companies, and it was following this incident that the Pollution Control Board decided on the bank guarantee as a measure to ensure that the mining firms do not violate the pollution norms.
The importance of this is underlined by the fact that the Pollution Control Board has also revealed that under the National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP), not just Sonshi, but five other mining clusters with 20 operational mines showed a regular increase in the permissible limits of PM10 (particulate matter) in the mining areas from October 2016 to March 2017.
However, the levels of the particulate matter recorded were within permissible limits from mid-April to mid-May.
Given this background there is need of some mechanism to ensure mining companied adhere to the pollution rules and regulations and maintain the ambient air quality within permissible levels.
If the bank guarantee is not acceptable, the Pollution Control Board could look at other means of ensuring that mining companies do not cross the permissible levels of pollution, by applying the polluter pays principle and charging the companies for the air monitoring exercise.
Mining companies could be asked to pay a fee to meet the costs of the monitoring process, a solution that could allow Goa State Pollution Control Board to improve the quality of its monitoring, as what is important is a pollution-free environment.

WHO: United States Among Least Polluting Nations on the Planet.
In the most recent WHO report on air pollution, the United States was listed as one of the countries with the cleanest air in the world, significantly cleaner in fact than the air in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the UK, Japan, Austria and France.
The annual mean concentrations of particulate matter in the air range from less than 10 to over 100 µg/m3, the report states.
“The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameter is a common measure of air pollution,” the WHO states.
Similarly, another list of the 15 most polluted cities in the world featured three cities from China, three cities from Saudi Arabia, and a whopping seven cities from India.
A third list, ranking the ten cleanest and ten most polluted cities in the world, placed two U.S. cities on the list of cleanest cities on the planet.
The list of the most polluted cities in the world was led by two cities from China followed by two more cities from India.
Rather than follow the time-tested practice used by the World Health Organization, which measures levels of disease-causing pollutants that get into people’s lungs, some have played a shell game, swapping a new measure of “pollution” based solely on emissions of carbon dioxide.
Current levels of carbon dioxide concentration in the environment are substantially lower than they have been during earlier periods in the planet’s history.
Goklany has argued that the rising level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere “is currently net beneficial for both humanity and the biosphere generally.” “The benefits are real, whereas the costs of warming are uncertain,” he said.

30, 2017 | | 0 comments When some 30 world leaders and hundreds of other dignitaries gathered in Beijing between May 14 and 16, 2017, for the first Belt and Road Forum, they were greeted by clear blue skies, which are rare most of the year but common at major international events like the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2008.
Environmental pollution is a global issue that most fast-growing economies have had to face, and is related to many factors such as economic structure, technological level, political systems, governance capacity, institution building, as well as public awareness and social participation.
China’s economic miracles over the last three decades have imposed enormous pressures upon the country’s already worsened environment and scant resources, with mounting ecological problems like air pollution, water pollution and shortages, soil contamination, desertification, and loss of bio-diversity having caught intensive attention from the Chinese government, domestic public, and international community.
In the long run, the Chinese government needs to introduce more economic incentives and disincentives to curb pollution and ecological destruction instead of relying too much on short-term administrative orders.
By enhancing its capacity for environmental governance, Chinese authorities have made concrete steps in curbing pollution with environmental conservation tasks having risen to the highest platform in the political agenda of the ruling Communist Party of China (Carter and Mol, 2007; Economy, 2007).
For years the Chinese government has been reporting daily air pollution levels at major cities based on the data collected from monitoring stations around those cities by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and its local branches.
Smog in Beijing is an image problem as well as a health hazard for hundreds of millions of city dwellers.
The smog woes experienced by Chinese cities can be mainly attributed to the extensive use of coal, the growing number of motor vehicles and the ongoing massive urbanization and industrialization process in the country.
Environmental Governance in China.
Gang Chen is Senior Research Fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore.

A study carried out by the Goa State Pollution Control Board on air quality at the mining hub of Sonshi in Sattari taluka since May 2 has found that the air quality measurement equipment installed by the mining companies in the village were manipulated, as a result the air quality has been shown far below the permissible level.
A report presented by ten mining companies to the board on Monday shows falsely recorded air quality standard below the safe level; within 20-30 microgram per cubic metre (mpcm).
According to the GSPCB data on ambient air quality, the respirable particulate matter (RPM or PM10), which directly affects breathing, has gone up by over seven to eight times at Sonshi from the national ambiance air quality standard of 100 mpcm.
Ambient air quality monitoring stations measure real time and peak concentration levels of dangerous pollutants in air.
Interestingly, six to seven air quality monitoring stations installed by the mine owners have recorded fake air quality readings through manipulation of the machines.
Thirteen mine leases had been given consent to operate by the board, and of which only 10 operated.
Despite the suspension of mining activities by the board at Sonshi from April 28, the mining companies have repeatedly defied the board order and continued with their operations.
However, it was found that for two days – April 30 and May 1 – mining had been completely halted by the mine owners.
And from May 7 a major mining company still continued with its operations till May 13 making around 3800 trips of mining trucks.
The High Court of Bombay at Goa had also said that there should be no mining-related vehicular traffic on Sonshi’s roads till the show-cause notices issued by the GSPCB are decided upon.

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Selected Issues in Exhaust Emissions from Aviation Engines Air, Water and Soil Polltion Science and Technology.
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There are many types of environmental pollution and some of them cause cancer.
Cancer is spread through any of the media of pollution namely through water pollution, air pollution and land pollution.
Through land pollution cancer is spread by exposure of human beings to pesticides, radioactive materials and heavy metals.
Under land pollution, the exposure of human beings to wastes like heavy metals, pesticides used in agricultural activities leads to the spread of cancer.
The use of domestic fuels for cooking causes lung cancer.
Another cause where the development of lung cancer due to indoor pollution arises is where liquefied petroleum gas is used for cooking.
Lung cancer has been common to women who get exposed to smoke from liquefied when cooking.
Burning of volatile substances especially when cooking leads to the spread of cancer to human beings.
Using of hydrocarbons in indoors can also lead to the spread of lung cancer.
Ground water pollution and ocean pollution also fall under water pollution; Cancer can arise through water pollution.

One common abatement: Dig up old lead lines and replace a portion of them with another metal, such as copper.
However, this technique can dislodge lead particulates and release them into the water supply.
Furthermore, partially replacing the lead pipe connection instead of entirely exchanging it is problematic.
A team of engineers at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new way to model and track where lead particles might be transported during the partial-replacement process, in an effort to keep the water supply safer.
“We all know lead is not safe, it needs to go,” said assistant vice chancellor of international programs Pratim Biswas, the Lucy and Stanley Lopata Professor and the chair of energy, environmental, and chemical engineering at the School of Engineering & Applied Science.
“This is the first comprehensive model that works as a tool to help drinking-water utility companies and others to predict the outcome of an action.
If they have the necessary information of a potential action, they can run this model and it can advise them on how best to proceed with a pipe replacement to ensure there are no adverse effects.” In the research, recently accepted by the journal Environmental Science & Technology, Biswas and graduate research assistant Ahmed A. Abokifa present their approach, which predicts how far lead particles and dissolved species might travel after they’ve been disturbed.
Biswas said the companies can input their individual system’s information and receive recommendations so partial-pipe replacement can proceed without compromising water quality.
Abokifa and Biswas have developed several other drinking-water distribution system models to accurately predict disinfectant concentrations in the pipe network, especially dead-end systems.
“The predictions of the model will guide them on best practices to ensure the safety of the public at large.”

While lead pipes were banned decades ago, they still supply millions of American households daily with drinking water amid risks of corrosion and leaching that can cause developmental and neurological effects in young children. One common abatement: Dig up old lead lines and replace a portion of them with another metal, such as copper. However, this technique can dislodge lead particulates and release them into the water supply. Furthermore, partially replacing the lead pipe connection instead of entirely exchanging it is problematic. A team of engineers at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new way to model and track where lead particles might be transported during the partial-replacement process, in an effort to keep the water supply safer. “We all know lead is not safe, it needs to go,” said Assistant Vice Chancellor of International…