Former Union environment minister Jairam Ramesh’s new book, Indira Gandhi: A Life In Nature, comes at a time of deepening environmental crisis, when we are faced with climate change, air and water pollution, species extinction and deforestation.
And Ramesh, And Ramesh, a member of the same political party, pens the narrative by stitching together Gandhi’s unpublished letters, speeches, articles, notes and memos.
He writes: “The idea is to have a biography which allows Indira Gandhi herself to do much of the talking.” Despite her commitment, environment protection was not an easy task.
The nation was in crisis—the economy was in the doldrums, inflation was in double digits, there was a shortage of foreign exchange, and industrial growth was stagnating.
Long before climate change became a hot topic, Gandhi raised the issue in an address to Parliament in 1975: “Honourable Members are very anxious to have paper mills and industries, and I am for them too….
But we must not denude our mountainside and our countryside of their forests.
This is having an adverse effect on our rainfall and climate.
The same goes for wildlife…the elimination of any species has a bad effect on the general ecological balance and thereby also affects the human species.” If a development project was seen to be harming forest ecosystems, she would voice her concern to chief ministers .
Gandhi is probably best remembered among conservationists for the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and for her leadership of Project Tiger, the premier conservation programme.
Indira Gandhi: A Life In Nature, by Jairam Ramesh, published by Simon & Schuster, 448 pages, Rs799.

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Draft amendment boosts govt role in water protection.
BEIJING – China’s top legislature on Thursday began reviewing a draft amendment to better prevent water pollution by strengthening government responsibility and supervision.
The draft amendment to the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law was submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) for second reading at the start of its bi-monthly session.
The draft suggested that the "river chief" system should be promoted to provincial, city, county and township levels, with leading officials assuming major responsibility in addressing water pollution.
Drinking water suppliers who failed to provide standard water to the public will be fined up to 200,000 yuan (about US$32,000), according to the draft.
Three years after China declared war on pollution, lawmakers began reviewing a draft legislation for the country’s first soil pollution prevention and control law on Thursday to head off rising public concerns over environmental costs of decades of rapid growth.
It is China’s latest attempt to curb worsening soil pollution and rehabilitate the country’s vast swathes of contaminated land.
Explaining the draft to lawmakers at the start of the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee’s bi-monthly session, Luo Qingquan, deputy head of the NPC’s Environment and Resources Protection Committee, said China is facing a "grim situation" in terms of its soil conditions.
Soil pollution has become an imminent environmental challenge that needs to be addressed and an outstanding obstacle in the country’s quest to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, he said.
By putting in place the "strictest environmental protection system," the new law will help improve soil quality, ensure safe agricultural products and public health, safeguard sustainability in the utilization of soil resources, and protect and improve the environment, he said.

What measures should be taken to control water pollution in Kenya?.
Discuss measures that should be taken to control water pollution in Kenya.
Answers (i) Recycling wastes in order to reduce the industrial waste turnover.
(ii) Treating the industrial waste to reduce the negative impact particularly industrial effluents or enforcing environmental laws on the use of improved technology for industrial efficiency.
Describe factors that have led to the development of the electronics industry in Japan.
Discuss the causes of the decline in the textile industry in Kenya.
What are the agricultural non-food manufacturing industries in Kenya?
List the agricultural non-food manufacturing industries in Kenya.
What measures has the Government of Kenya taken to conserve energy?
Describe measures the Government of Kenya has taken to conserve energy.

‘Grave’ concerns over new burial site near Bedfordshire village.
Residents are rallying together, for a second time, to oppose proposals for a ‘natural’ burial ground in their village.
Initial planning permission was refused by Wilstead Parish Council over a year ago, after furious Wilstead residents opposed the plan raising water pollution concerns.
But residents have already officially objected to the scheme, pointing out the land regularly floods with six to eight inches of standing water.
However this team suggests planning agencies need to consider the extent to which decomposing bodies contaminate the water supply.
In addition to this, residents have also raised concerns that the burial ground will not be ‘in keeping’ with the village or its surroundings.
“It was refused before on lots of grounds including the local flooding issue and traffic.
“To put a burial ground in the middle of a residential area just doesn’t make sense, we have grave concerns about hygiene, water contamination and the roads.
“We feel like we’re being ignored, but there’s so many risks involve din this application and so much could go wrong.” A spokesperson from developers Cemetery Development Services said: “We can confirm there are no pollution issues and the site will be reviewed by the environmental agency.
“The proposal has not failed any test or protocols and we’ve made an application that we think is fair.”

Students invent ‘mud balls’ to treat polluted water.
The mixture of clay and organic material will stabilise the water’s pH level, reduce foul smells and break down organic molecules and waste.
JOHOR BAHRU: A group of 92 Form Five students from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) Pasir Gudang have invented a mud ball that can treat polluted river water.
School principal Rosnah Ismail said the project, a smart partnership programme between SMK Pasir Gudang and the Pasir Gudang Municipal Council (MPPG), had benefited the students and helped solve water pollution problems and improve the water quality.
“By placing the mud ball in the water, the mix of clay and organic materials will stabilise the water pH level, reduce foul smells and break down the organic molecules, waste and so on.
“As we know, the river water in Pasir Gudang is quite dirty, especially in Sungai Masai, because of industrial activity.
“Therefore, we are cooperating with MPPG to improve the water conditions in this district,” she said in an exclusive interview with Bernama recently.
Meanwhile, programme coordinator Zaifarizah Md Sukor, who is also a teacher, said the mud balls produced by the students would be paid for by MPPG.
“The project will generate financial sources and the payment received will be channelled to the school’s cooperative for the students’ fees,” she said.

Los Angeles Beaches Among State’s Best and Worst for Water Pollution.
Heal the Bay, a local environmental nonprofit group for clean water, released its annual California Beach Report Card in June.
The list measures water pollution at beaches around the state, tracking progress over time and also looking at pre- and post-drought conditions.
The Santa Monica Pier area and Marina del Rey’s Mother’s Beach both received “D” grades on the report card, as the sixth- and ninth-dirtiest beaches, respectively.
Four beaches received “F’ grades, including the San Clemente Pier in Orange County.
The news wasn’t all bad for LA, however.
Four more county beaches also managed to receive “A+” grades.
In Malibu, El Matador State Beach and Malibu Point were included on the list’s honor roll.
Palos Verdes Estates’ Bluff Cove and Rancho Palos Verdes’s Portuguese Bend Cove also received high marks.
Summer dry weather (April through October) scores have been trending upward in LA County from 2011 to 2016, as 93 percent of Los Angeles beaches received an “A” score this time around — much higher than the average of 76 percent over the entire time frame.

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5 Fatal Diseases Caused by Water Pollution.
Drinking clean water is significant to humans, however, its availability in different parts of the world has become a far-fetched goal, reason being the contamination caused due to water pollution.
This may result in diarrhoea, dehydration and sometimes even death.
It is spread due to poor sanitation, intake of contaminated water and unsafe food.
Its symptoms include vomiting, fever, headache, etc., and in critical cases, it can cause seizure, coma or sometimes even death of the person.
Its symptoms involve high fever, stomach pain, headache, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, etc.
In several cases, it is one of the common diseases caused by water pollution and triggered by water-borne bacteria, viruses and protozoans.
Diarrhoea can be prevented by drinking clean water, improving sanitation and washing hands with soap.
In order to reduce the risk of spreading hepatitis, you need to wash hands after using the washroom and try to avoid consuming unsafe food and water.
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DNREC, EPA update Delaware residents on water contamination.
“We want to ensure everyone has safe drinking water, we want to ensure that people that are provided water from Artesian [water company] or have private drinking water wells, have safe drinking waters that do not pose a health hazard to them,” said Tim Ratsep, program administrator for DNREC’s site investigation and restoration section.
“We have to do the evaluation, we have to find out where the sources are, we have to get the sources out of there so concentrations don’t increase, and where it has increased to address them so they go in the opposite direction.” Back in 2005, Artesian Water Company, which provides and treats public drinking water, found small levels of contamination in its Hockessin water well during routine sampling.
DNREC then began to evaluate the impacts of the contamination, as well as potential sources of the contamination.
Prolonged exposure to the contaminant can cause adverse human health effects, including neurological disorders and cancer.
“All the Artesian wells have carbon treatment on them, and they meet federal and state safe drinking water standards, and the routine sampling occurs on a regular basis,” Ratsep said.
There were three locations we did find had low level impact material from the facilities and the state put treatment systems on those, so those wells are safe to drink also.” DNREC focused much of its investigation on evaluating dry cleaners in the area, and believe Hockessin Cleaners and Sunrise Cleaners are the main sources of the PCE contamination.
Ratsep said prior to regulations, cleaning materials containing compounds often were dumped outside, contaminating the soil and in turn, the water.
The EPA also updated the public on its investigation of the Hockessin Ground Water Plume Site, which it began last year.
If the site is put on the NPL, there will be several weeks of public information and comment sessions.