Diffuse Pollution, Degraded Waters: emerging policy solutions.
After decades of regulation and investment to reduce point source water pollution, OECD countries still face water quality challenges (e.g. eutrophication) from diffuse agricultural and urban sources of pollution, that is disperse pollution from surface runoff, soil filtration and atmospheric deposition.
The relative lack of progress reflects the complexities of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, their high spatial and temporal variability, associated transactions costs, and limited political acceptability of regulatory measures.
This report outlines the water quality challenges facing OECD countries today, presents a range of policy instruments and innovative case studies of diffuse pollution control, and concludes with an integrated policy framework to tackle diffuse water pollution.
An optimal approach will likely entail a mix of policy interventions reflecting the basic OECD principles of water quality management – pollution prevention, treatment at source, the polluter pays and beneficiary pays principles, equity, and policy coherence.
This book belongs to the OECD Report Series.

Charleston Gazette-Mail CHARLESTON, W.Va. — West Virginia State University has sued Dow Chemical and former operators of the Institute chemical plant, alleging that the facility has contaminated the groundwater under the university’s campus.
University officials insist the contamination poses no health risks — the campus does not use groundwater for its drinking water.
The lawsuit, filed Thursday in Kanawha Circuit Court, seeks to force the companies to clean up the contamination, prevent future migration of the chemicals and compensate the university, a historically black institution, for harm to its image in the public and potential students.
“It is my hope that Dow will come to the table and take full responsibility for the mess it created,” Jenkins told reporters.
University officials and lawyers say three contaminants have been found at “elevated levels” in the groundwater 15 to 50 feet beneath the campus.
The chemicals are 1,4-dioxane, 1,1-dichloroethane and chloroform.
It was not clear which of the various chemical units that operated over the years at the plant led to the groundwater contamination.
University officials say they learned of the contamination about four years ago, when they took ownership from the state of the former West Virginia Rehabilitation Center, located between the campus and the chemical plant.
Six years ago, then-plant owner Bayer CropScience eliminated MIC manufacturing, use and storage at the plant following a U.S. Chemical Safety Board report that was highly critical of plant operations and a major change in the company’s global marketing strategy.
Union Carbide, once a major institution in the Kanawha Valley, operated the Institute plant from 1946 until it sold the site to Rhone-Poulenc, a French firm, in 1986.

Top soil removal reduces water pollution from phosphorus and dissolved organic matter and lowers methane emissions from rewetted peatlands.
However, long-term drainage and intensive agricultural use make it unlikely that the original sink functions for nutrients and carbon (C) as well as low-nutrient conditions can be re-established within a human time perspective.
2.We hypothesised that the removal of the upper degraded peat layer can be a suitable measure to avoid the negative implications of excess mobilisation of P and C after rewetting.
To evaluate the effect of top soil removal (TSR) we performed lab and field experiments in six inundated peatlands in northern Germany without TSR compared to six inundated sites with TSR.
Although highly decomposed peat released more or less no methane, dissolved organic matter (DOM) mobilisation was highest in this substrate while less decomposed peat was characterized in general by lowest rates of mobilisation.
In conclusion, top soil removal (TSR) prior to rewetting can be a suitable method to avoid the negative consequences of the excess release of phosphorus (P) and carbon post-rewetting.
We developed a simple decision–support schematic to assist the peatland restoration process and to understand better the implications of TSR.
Despite the potential benefits TSR should not be declared as a universal method, as it requires detailed consideration prior to application.
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Pilgrim’s Pride Rejects Groups’ call to curb pollution.
Today, Pilgrim’s Pride – second-largest chicken producer in the world – rejected a shareholder resolution (Proposal 6) calling on the company to curb water pollution from its operations and supply chain.
The company’s refusal to clean up comes even as it faces a citizens’ suit from Environment America and the local Sierra Club chapter for dumping toxic wastewater into Florida’s Suwannee River.
In response, Environment America’s clean water program director John Rumpler issued the following statement: Instead of cleaning its coop, today Pilgrim’s has decided to chicken out on its responsibility to stop fouling America’s waterways.
Pilgrim’s Pride operations and supply chain, which processes roughly 37 million birds per week, is responsible for significant water pollution in several states, including Texas, Florida, and Virginia.
In addition to millions of pounds of manure and runoff from feed production, the company’s own processing plants dump pollution directly into our rivers and streams.
In Florida alone, the company has been dumping pollution into the Suwannee River from its poultry processing plant in Live Oak, Florida.
As alleged in our citizens’ suit under the Clean Water Act, this one facility has committed 1,377 days of Clean Water Act violations since 2012, all from discharging wastewater into the river that exceeds pollution standards by as much as triple the legal limits.
It’s hard to see how can Pilgrim’s take pride in that.
The water pollution footprint of Pilgrims Pride and JBS combined included more than 45 million tons of manure (in 2015) and 37 million pounds of toxic discharges to waterways (from 2010-2014).

Water Pollution Control Center Sludge Processing Improvements.
Bid Date & Time:
Prebid:
Solicitation Title: Water Pollution Control Center Sludge Processing Improvements Status: bidding Report: 7739040 Country : United States State: NY County: Niagara Location: Lewiston Scope: The project consists of various equipment, site, process, and electrical upgrades at the Town Water Pollution Control Center.
Notes: There is a pre-bid meeting scheduled for May 10, 2017, at 10:00 AM in the Administration Building of the Water Pollution Control Center.
One half of the full amount of deposit for one set of Contract Documents is refundable.
Bond: 5% bid bond Owner Type: Public Buyer: Lewiston, Town of Address: 1375 Ridge Rd PO Box 330 City: Lewiston State: NY Zip/Postal Code: 14092
Website: http://www.townoflewiston.us/ Contact: Donna R. Garfinkel Contact Title: Town Clerk Designer: GHD Consulting Services, Inc.
Address: 285 Delaware Avenue, Suite 500 City: Buffalo State: NY Zip/Postal Code: 14202
Website: http://www.ghd.com Bid Pkg Source: GHD Consulting Services, Inc.

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WVSU files lawsuit against Dow Chemical for water pollution.
INSTITUTE, W.Va. — West Virginia State University announced Thursday it has filed a lawsuit against Dow Chemical Company and other former owners of Dow’s Institute plant for underground water contamination on the university’s campus.
“While there is no threat to the health, wellness or safety to the students, faculty and staff, Dow contamination of our campus has potentially adversely impacted the brand, reputation, use of future property, the cost of future construction and potential enrollment growth here at the institution,” Jenkins said during a Thursday press conference at the university.
The discovery was made about four years ago.
He said Enviroprobe and Dow collected about 150 samples of groundwater, soil gas, surface soil and air on campus.
Moore said the chemicals have moved beyond the rehab center property.
“Groundwater has been shown to extend eastward from their facility across and onto the rehab property and onto the main campus,” he said.
Jenkins said the rehab property represented the future of the university because it was the only land available for significant growth, such as the construction of residential units or the rebuilding of a new rehab center.
In a letter to university students, faculty and staff, Jenkins said groundwater is not used at the university and that all of their water comes from the municipal water supplied by West Virginia American Water Company.
More information about court documents and testing data can be found here.

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, Va (WHSV) — After a recent report showing high pollution due to runoff from animal waste in Shenandoah River, farmers throughout the Shenandoah Valley are speaking out about what they do to improve water quality.
Craig Miller, a farmer in Rockingham County, recently planted 179 trees as a buffer to improve the water on and around his property.
This project was done with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.
He also has cattle fencing to keep livestock out of water sources that could flow into local streams.
Cattle fencing helps prevent that kind of problem.
I think, by and large, the Chesapeake Bay would say we are doing a better job."
The water was cleaner when it left our property, than it was coming in."
These projects are also completely voluntary, and Cory Guilliams, District Conservationist, says, "Over the past five years, I looked at some numbers earlier, we’ve done several hundred, over 300 hundred projects with people."
Miller and Threewitts are just a few of the farmers that have made financial investments to try and better the environment.
Miller says, "Enough’s enough, let’s turn the tables, and tell people what we do and how we love our animals and how we love our land and we do the right thing in agriculture."

Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market Key Players, Product and Production Information analysis and forecast to 2022.
The report starts with a basic Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment market overview.
It also acts as a vital tool to industries active across the value chain and for new entrants by enabling them to take advantage of the opportunities and develop business strategies.
Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market by Key Players: Spooner AAF International Bionomic Industries Inc FLSmidth Group And Many More….
Get Sample PDF @ http://www.360marketupdates.com/enquiry/request-sample/10597708 Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment market report helps the companies to better understand the market trends and to grasp opportunities and articulate critical business strategies.
Also includes company profiles of market key players contact information, gross capacity, product details of each firm, price, and cost are covered.
Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market by Product Type: Air Pollution Control Equipment Water Pollution Control Equipment Major Applications of Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market: Chemical Industry
Food/baking industry Oil and gas industry Pharmaceutical industry Printing industry Browse Detailed TOC, Tables, Figures, Charts and Companies Mentioned in Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market Research Report @ http://www.360marketupdates.com/10597708 This section of the Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment market research report includes analysis of major raw materials suppliers, manufacturing equipment suppliers, major players of the Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment industry, key consumers, and supply chain relationship.
Several important areas are covered in this Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment market research report.
Some key points among them: – Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market Competition by Manufacturers Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2011-2016) Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016) Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market Analysis by Application Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Manufacturing Cost Analysis Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders Market Effect Factors Analysis Air & Water Pollution Control Equipment Market Forecast (2016-2022) Along with this, analysis of depreciation cost, manufacturing cost structure, manufacturing process is also carried out.

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