Without that corrosion control, there is going to be lead,’ " Hanna-Attisha remembers.
"I wrote this book to share the terrible lessons that happened in Flint, but more importantly, I wrote this book to share the incredible work that we did, hand-in-hand with our community, to make our community care about our children."
On how the Flint water crisis began Flint was in a near-bankruptcy state, really suffering from crisis for years, if not decades before this water crisis.
The corrosion or the impact of the water crisis was not the Flint River’s fault.
The Flint River probably would have been OK, not ideal, if it was treated properly.
On her approach to treating children exposed to lead Our response in Flint has been very proactive and preventative, because we cannot ethically wait to see the consequences of lead poisoning, of lead exposure, so we have put into place multiple, multiple interventions that we know that will promote children’s brain development and limit the impact of this crisis.
We had bacteria in the water, then we had a lot of chlorine in the water, which irritated people’s skin and eyes.
Our water quality has dramatically improved since the onset of this crisis, however Flint is embarking on something that no other city is doing: We are replacing our damaged lead pipes.
Until then, if the people have not had their pipes replaced, they need to be [drinking] filtered or bottled water.
On how the Flint water crisis exacerbates the "toxic stress" the city’s residents already face Growing up in poverty is a toxic stress.

When it comes to agriculture, Western Cape is essential – not only because of its production of fine wines, but also for its contribution to South Africa’s agricultural labour market and the broader economy.
The province is a leading employer in primary agriculture, commanding a share of 20 percent of the country’s total agricultural labour force in the third quarter of 2017.
It is thus clear that when the province’s agriculture encounters headwinds, a lot will be at stake; the current unrelenting drought is no exception.
Of the 25,000 job cuts in South Africa’s agricultural sector in the third quarter, about 84 percent were in Western Cape.
There was reduced agricultural activity in the summer crop production areas at that time of the year.
Overall, South Africa’s total agricultural labour force was estimated at 810,000 jobs, which is the lowest since the fourth quarter of 2014.
South Africa’s agricultural labour market was relatively more vibrant in the 2015/16 season, despite the El Niño-induced drought in many parts of the country at the time.
This is because Western Cape was not hit as hard as the other provinces had been, and was able to continue absorbing labour.
In terms of the overall agricultural economy, the sector performed robustly in the past three quarters of 2017, supported by a recovery in summer crop production following several seasons of drought in some areas, as well as the low base effect.
Western Cape’s horticultural sector also performed relatively well in 2017, contributing to the good performance of the sector.

BRUSSELS — Hail, frost and droughts have hit Europe’s grape harvest hard, making it the smallest in 36 years.
The European Union’s Copa-Cogeca farm union said Tuesday that the extreme weather means the harvest is expected to be down 14 percent, with some areas seeing a drop of as much as one third. That will cut wine production to a level not seen since 1981 at 145 million hectoliters.
The two biggest producers, "France and Italy were particularly badly affected," said Thierry Coste, the chairman of Copa-Cogeca wine division.
In France, production will be down 18 percent, and in Italy, the biggest wine producer in Europe, it will have sunk by 26 percent compared with last year.
"The quality of the grape is nevertheless expected to be very good across Europe, which should make for an excellent wine," he said.
During the 1980s, record wine production often hovered around the 210 million hectoliter mark. Extreme weather and climate change have further affected output in certain years.
Nowadays, wine production almost never surpasses 170 million hectares a year anymore, although this year’s estimate is particularly low, and was last worse only in 1981.
In the U.S., meanwhile, northern California’s wildfires have destroyed at least two wineries and damaged many others.

A dry winter and growing season was challenging for vines in the Cape wine regions Old vines, likes these for Alheit winery, fared better in a dry year in the Cape wine regions.
South African vintners dealt with an extremely dry growing season in 2017, resulting in a small crop.
Both vintages made very concentrated wine, just different in nature."
"Nighttime temperatures were cooler and this resulted in higher acid retention," said Adam Mason, winemaker at Mulderbosch.
"We had to start irrigation in December before veraison.
The cooler days and nights resulted in slower sugar accumulation but the phenolics kept developing.
It was unique to see phenolic ripeness at lower sugar levels."
"The old vines were fabulous this year.
The crops were decent and the fruit very healthy and flavorful."
In the end, the producers say the wines are showing ripeness and concentration.

"Wine Into Water" event will raise money for safe drinking water efforts.
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video SOUTH BEND, IND- South Bend’s Best Week Ever continues.
The 9th annual “Wine Into Water” fundraiser will be Thursday night at the Palais Royale.
There will be delicious fine wine, beer, spirits, food and music.
The wine will be from different Indiana distributors and includes live music by Jack Gregory and other local artists.
One of the highlights of the fundraiser is a raffle.
Raffle tickets are $5 each and you can enter to win several prize packages.
All proceeds will benefit “Water for People,” an organization that ensures people all over the world can enjoy safe drinking water.
“We provide counseling, support, guidance so that communities can learn how to be self-sufficient on their own and maintain sustainable water supply systems throughout the world,” Williams said.
If you didn’t purchase one in advance, you can buy one at the door.

Bottled Or Boxed, There’s Water, Water Everywhere.
Image via Shutterstock.
Move over Coke and Pepsi, step aside Dr. Pepper, stand down, 7 Up.
And the war is not over.
Public health officials generally advise drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water a day.
If you drink from plastic bottles, you’re spending $1,400 a year for hydration, but you drink tap water, your cost is 50 cents.
Well, a few wineries have tried it, with mixed results.
But as for wine in plastic bottles, which would seem to make even more sense for everyday wines?
Millions of them.
(Worldwide, over 600 million people do not have such access.)

Why is Trader Joe’s Wine Cheaper Than Bottled Water?.
Shoppers have tried to guess whether their store brand mac and cheese is actually made by a major food label going incognito.
But the biggest mystery of Trader Joe’s may be in their liquor section, where their store-endorsed line of Charles Shaw wine sells for as little as $1.99 a bottle in some markets.
The Charles Shaw label came to represent quality among wine aficionados, and his business grew to include 115 acres by the late 1980s.
With his business bankrupt, Shaw submitted to an auction of the winery’s assets.
The trade name was purchased by Fred Fanzia, owner of the Bronco Wine Company.
Bronco sells more than 80 different wine labels at varying price points.
His line of Charles Shaw wines debuted in Trader Joe’s stores in 2002 and sold for $1.99 a bottle in many markets, which quickly earned it the nickname “Two Buck Chuck.” Wine connoisseurs debated the practicality of offering quality wine at such a low price; college students filled up grocery carts with them.
Most importantly, the grapes are machine-harvested, which keeps costs down but might result in a more sugar-laden wine.
Bronco also keeps shipping costs low by using lightweight bottles.